Appendix:Lingwa de Planeta Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Lingwa de Planeta (also known as Lidepla), compared with that of English.

Lidepla is a worldlang that was first published in 2010.

Presentation

For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

No. English Lingwa de Planeta
Lidepla
1 I me
2 you (singular) yu
3 he, she, it ta (lu)
4 we nu
5 you (plural) yu (yu oli)
6 they li
7 this se
8 that to
9 here hir
10 there dar
11 who hu
12 what kwo
13 where wo
14 when wen
15 how komo
16 not bu
17 all olo, oli
18 many mucho
19 some kelke
20 few shao
21 other otre
22 one un
23 two dwa
24 three tri
25 four char
26 five pet
27 big gran
28 long longe
29 wide chaure
30 thick grose
31 heavy grave
32 small syao
33 short kurte
34 narrow tange
35 thin dine
36 woman gina
37 man (adult male) man
38 man (human being) jen
39 child kinda
40 wife molya
41 husband mursha
42 mother mata
43 father patra
44 animal animal
45 fish fish
46 bird faula
47 dog doga
48 louse kinah
49 snake serpenta
50 worm wurma
51 tree baum
52 forest shulin
53 stick stik
54 fruit fruta
55 seed semena
56 leaf lif
57 root riza
58 bark (of a tree) kuta
59 flower flor
60 grass herba
61 rope korda
62 skin derma
63 meat masu
64 blood hema
65 bone osta
66 fat (noun) fet
67 egg ovo
68 horn korna
69 tail kauda
70 feather pluma
71 hair har
72 head kapa
73 ear aur
74 eye oko
75 nose nos
76 mouth muh
77 tooth denta
78 tongue (organ) lisan
79 fingernail naka
80 foot peda
81 leg gamba
82 knee genu
83 hand handa
84 wing ala
85 belly duza
86 guts antratot
87 neck gorla
88 back bey
89 breast sina
90 heart kordia
91 liver hepata
92 to drink pi
93 to eat chi
94 to bite kusi
95 to suck suki
96 to spit spuki
97 to vomit vomi
98 to blow fuki
99 to breathe spiri
100 to laugh ridi
101 to see vidi
102 to hear audi
103 to know jan
104 to think dumi
105 to smell fauhi
106 to fear fobi
107 to sleep somni
108 to live jivi
109 to die morti
110 to kill kili
111 to fight batali
112 to hunt shikari
113 to hit bati
114 to cut kati
115 to split fendi
116 to stab inpiki
117 to scratch skrapi
118 to dig kavi
119 to swim swimi
120 to fly flai
121 to walk promeni
122 to come lai
123 to lie (as in a bed) lagi
124 to sit sidi
125 to stand stan
126 to turn (intransitive) turni
127 to fall lwo
128 to give dai
129 to hold teni
130 to squeeze klemi
131 to rub froti
132 to wash woshi
133 to wipe waipi
134 to pull tiri
135 to push pushi
136 to throw lansi
137 to tie ligi
138 to sew suti
139 to count konti
140 to say shwo
141 to sing gani
142 to play plei
143 to float floti
144 to flow flui
145 to freeze frosti
146 to swell puhlifi
147 sun surya
148 moon luna
149 star stara
150 water akwa
151 rain pluva
152 river riva
153 lake lak
154 sea mar
155 salt solta
156 stone ston
157 sand ramla
158 dust polva
159 earth arda
160 cloud badal
161 fog tuman
162 sky skay
163 wind feng
164 snow snega
165 ice ais
166 smoke fum
167 fire agni
168 ash pepla
169 to burn jal
170 road kamina
171 mountain monta
172 red rude
173 green grin
174 yellow hwan
175 white blan
176 black swate
177 night nocha
178 day dey
179 year yar
180 warm warme
181 cold lenga
182 full fule
183 new nove
184 old lao
185 good hao
186 bad bade
187 rotten putre
188 dirty gande
189 straight rekte
190 round ronde
191 sharp (as a knife) agude
192 dull (as a knife) tupe
193 smooth glate
194 wet mokre
195 dry suhe
196 correct korekti
197 near blise
198 far dale
199 right desne
200 left lefte
201 at pa
202 in in
203 with kun
204 and e
205 if si
206 because bikos
207 name nam

Credits go to the Lingwa De Planeta workgroup of the University of Saint-Petersburg, initiated by Dmitry Ivanov and Anastasia Lysenko.

All lemmas are in the Lingwa De Planeta - English dictionary.

See also

Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
(edit this template)
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia