Appendix:Neapolitan Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Neapolitan, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

EnglishNeapolitan
napulitano
edit (207)
1I (1sg)io
2you (2sg)tu
3he, she, it (3sg)isso
4we (1pl)nuje
5you (2pl)vuje
6they (3pl)lloro
7thischisto
8thatchillo
9hereccà
10therelloco
11whochi
12whatche
13whereaddò
14whenquanno
15howcomme
16notnun, no
17alltutto
18manyassaje
19somecocche
20fewpoco
21otherato
22oneuno
23twodduje (masculine), ddoje (feminine)
24threetre
25fourquatto
26fivecinche
27biggruosso
28longluongo
29widelargo, chiatto
30thickspisso
31heavypesante, gravante
32smallpiccerillo
33shortcurto
34narrowstrinto
35thinfino, sicco
36womanfemmena
37man (adult male)ommo
38man (human being)crestiano, perzona
39childcriaturo, ninno
40wifemugliera
41husbandmarito
42mothermate
43fatherpate
44animalanemale, nimmale
45fishpesce
46birdauciello
47dogcane
48lousechiattillo, peducchio
49snakeserpa
50wormvierme
51treechianta, arvulo
52forestfuresta, vosco, arvorata
53stickmazza, varra
54fruitfrutta
55seedsemmento
56leaffronna, foglia
57rootrecina, radeca
58bark (of a tree)scuorcio, scuorzo
59flowersciore
60grassevera
61ropezoca, fona
62skinpelle, cuorio
63meatcarna
64bloodsanghe
65boneuosso
66fat (noun)ciuotto, grasso
67egguovo
68horncuorno
69tailcoda
70featherpenna
71haircapillo
72headcapa
73earrecchia
74eyeuocchio
75nosenaso
76mouthvocca
77toothdiente
78tongue (organ)lengua
79fingernailogna
80footpede
81legcossa, jamma
82kneedenucchio
83handmana
84wingscella
85bellypanza
86gutsstentino
87neckcuollo
88backrina, schina
89breastpietto, zizza
90heartcore
91liverfecheto, fecato
92to drinkvevere
93to eatmagnà
94to bitemuzzecà
95to suckzucà, surchià
96to spitsputà
97to vomitvummecà, reverzà
98to blowsciuscià
99to breatheresciatà
100to laughride
101to seevedé
102to hearsentere
103to knowsapé
104to thinkpenzà
105to smellosemà, fetere
106to fearspagnà
107to sleepdurmì, dormere
108to livecampà, vivere
109to diemurì
110to killaccidere
111to fightcummattere
112to huntcaccià
113to hitvattere, culpì
114to cuttaglià
115to splitspartere, sengà
116to stabcurtellià
117to scratchscippà, graffià
118to digscavà, scafutà
119to swimnatà
120to flyvulà
121to walkcammenà
122to comevenì
123to lie (as in a bed)cuccà
124to sitassettà
125to standiriere, stà aizato
126to turn (intransitive)girà, avutà
127to fallcadé, cascà
128to give
129to holdtené
130to squeezenzeppà, spremmere
131to rubscerià
132to washlavà
133to wipeasciuttà
134to pulltirà
135to pushvuttà
136to throwlancià, jettà
137to tieallevrecà
138to sewcosere
139to countcuntà
140to saydicere
141to singcantà
142to playpazzià, jucà
143to floatgalleggià
144to flowscorrere
145to freezejaccià, gelà
146to swellntucià
147sunsole
148moonluna
149starstella
150wateracqua
151rainchioggia, chioppeta
152riversciummo
153lakelaco
154seamare
155saltsale
156stonepreta
157sandrena
158dustpovera
159earthmunno
160cloudnuvula
161fogneglia
162skycielo
163windviento
164snowneva
165icejaccio, chiatro
166smokefummo
167firefuoco
168ashcennera
169to burnbrucià
170roadstrata
171mountainmuntagna
172redrusso
173greenverde
174yellowgiallo
175whiteghianco, janco
176blackniro
177nightnotte
178dayjuorno
179yearanno
180warmcaudo
181coldfriddo
182fullchieno
183newnuovo
184oldviecchio
185goodbuono
186badcattivo, malamente
187rottenfraceto, speruto
188dirtyzuozzo, sivo
189straightderitto
190roundtunno
191sharp (as a knife)prufilato, puntuto
192dull (as a knife)sfastriuso
193smoothmuollo, liscio
194wetumeto, nfuso
195drysicco
196correctjusto
197nearvecino, azzico
198farluntano, arrasso
199rightderitta, canzo
200leftsmerza
201ata
202indinto, in
203withcu
204ande
205ifsi
206becausepecché
207namenomme
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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