Appendix:Slovene Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Slovene, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

EnglishSlovene
slovenščina
edit (207)
1I (1sg)jaz
2you (2sg)ti
3he, she, it (3sg)on, ona, ono
4we (1pl)mi, me
5you (2pl)vi, ve
6they (3pl)oni, one
7thista, to
8thattisti, tista, tisto
9heretu, tukaj
10theretam
11whokdo
12whatkaj
13wherekje
14whenkdaj
15howkako
16notne
17allvse
18manyveliko, mnogo
19somenekoliko, nekaj
20fewmalo
21otherdrugi
22oneena
23twodva, dve
24threetri
25fourštiri
26fivepet
27bigvelik
28longdolg
29wideširok
30thickdebel
31heavytežek, težak
32smallmajhen
33shortkratek
34narrowozek
35thintanek
36womanženska
37man (adult male)moški
38man (human being)človek
39childotrok, dete
40wifežena
41husbandmož
42mothermati
43fatheroče
44animalžival
45fishriba
46birdptič, ptica
47dogpes
48louse
49snakekača
50wormčrv
51treedrevo
52forestgozd
53stickpalica
54fruitplod, sadež
55seedseme
56leaflist
57rootkoren
58bark (of a tree)skorja
59flowerroža, cvet
60grasstrava
61ropevrv
62skinkoža
63meatmeso
64bloodkri
65bonekost
66fat (noun)maščoba
67eggjajce
68hornrog
69tailrep
70featherpero
71hairlasje
72headglava
73earuho
74eyeoko
75nosenos
76mouthusta
77toothzob
78tongue (organ)jezik
79fingernailnoht
80footnoga, stopalo
81legnoga
82kneekoleno
83handroka
84wingkrilo, perut
85bellytrebuh
86gutsdrobovje
87neckvrat
88backhrbet
89breastprsi, nedra
90heartsrce
91liverjetra
92to drinkpiti
93to eatjesti
94to bitegristi
95to sucksesati
96to spitpljuvati
97to vomitbruhati, bljuvati
98to blowpihati
99to breathedihati
100to laughsmejati se
101to seevideti
102to hearslišati
103to knowvedeti
104to thinkmisliti
105to smellvohati
106to fearbati se
107to sleepspati
108to liveživeti
109to dieumreti
110to killubiti
111to fightboriti se
112to huntloviti
113to hitudariti
114to cutrezati
115to splitrazcepiti, razdvojiti
116to stabzabosti, zbosti
117to scratchpraskati
118to digkopati
119to swimplavati
120to flyleteti
121to walkhoditi
122to comepriti
123to lie (as in a bed)ležati
124to sitsedeti
125to standstati
126to turn (intransitive)obrniti
127to fallpasti
128to givedati
129to holddržati
130to squeezestiskati
131to rubdrgniti
132to washumivati
133to wipebrisati
134to pullvleči
135to pushpotisniti, suniti
136to throwvreči
137to tievezati
138to sewšivati
139to countšteti
140to sayreči
141to singpeti
142to playigrati
143to floatplavati
144to flowteči
145to freezezamrzniti
146to swelloteči
147sunsonce
148moonluna
149starzvezda
150watervoda
151raindež
152riverreka
153lakejezero
154seamorje
155saltsol
156stonekamen
157sandpesek
158dustprah
159earthzemlja
160cloudoblak
161fogmegla
162skynebo
163windveter
164snowsneg
165iceled
166smokedim
167fireogenj
168ashpepel
169to burnžgati
170roadcesta
171mountaingora
172redrdeč
173greenzelen
174yellowrumen
175whitebel
176blackčrn
177nightnoč
178daydan
179yearleto
180warmtopel
181coldhladen
182fullpoln
183newnov
184oldstar
185gooddober
186badslab
187rottengnil
188dirtyumazan
189straightraven
190roundokrogel
191sharp (as a knife)oster
192dull (as a knife)top
193smoothgladek
194wetmoker
195drysuh
196correctpravilen
197nearbližnji
198faroddaljen
199rightdesni
200leftlevi
201atpri
202inv
203withs, z
204andin
205ifče, ako
206becauseker
207nameime
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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