Appendix:Middle Korean Swadesh list
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See also: Appendix:Korean Swadesh list
This is a Swadesh list of words in Middle Korean, compared with definitions in English.
Presentation
- For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.
American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.
List
| No. | English | Middle Korean | IPA | Transcription |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | 나 (na) | /nà/ | nà |
| 2 | you (singular) | 너 (ne), 그듸 (kutuy, polite) | /nə̀/, /kɨ̀.tɨ̀j/ | nè, kùtùy |
| 3 | he | no fixed pronoun | ||
| 4 | we | 우〮리〮 (wúlí) | /ú.lí/ | wúlí |
| 5 | you (plural) | 너희 (nehuy) | /nə̀.hɨ̀j/ | nèhùy |
| 6 | they | no fixed pronoun | ||
| 7 | this | 이〮 (í) | /í/ | í |
| 8 | that | 그 (ku, medial), 뎌〮 (tyé, distal) | /kɨ̀/, /tjə́/ | kù, tyé |
| 9 | here | 이ᅌᅦ (ingey) | /ìŋ.ə̀j/ | ìngèy |
| 10 | there | 그ᅌᅦ (kungey, medial), 뎌ᅌᅦ (tyengey, distal) | /kɨ̀ŋ.ə̀j/, /tjə̀.ŋə̀j/ | kùngèy, tyèngèy |
| 11 | who | 누〮 (nwú) | /nú/ | nwú |
| 12 | what | 어느〮 (ènú), 므슴〮 (mùsúm) | /ə̀.nɨ́/, /mɨ̀.sɨ́m/ | ènú, mùsúm |
| 13 | where | 어듸〮 (ètúy) | /ə̀.tɨ́j/ | ètúy |
| 14 | when | 어느〮제 (ènúcèy), 언〯제 (ěncèy) | /ə̀.nɨ́ t͡sə̀j/, /ə̌n.t͡sə̀j/ | ènú cèy, ěncèy |
| 15 | how | 엇〯뎨〮 (ěstyéy) | /ə̌s.tjə́j/ | ěstyéy |
| 16 | not | 아니〮 (àní) | /à.ní/ | àní |
| 17 | all | 믈읫 (muluys), 모ᄃᆞᆫ〮 (mwòtón) | /mɨ̀l.ɣɨ̀js/, /mò.tʌ́n/ | mùlGùys, mwòtón |
| 18 | many | 하다〮 (hàtá) | /hà.tá/ | hà-tá |
| 19 | some | 현〮 (hyén), 몇〮 (myéch) | /hjə́n/, /mjə́t͡s/ | hyén, myéch |
| 20 | few | 젹〯다〮 (cyěktá) | /t͡sjə̌k.tá/ | cyěk-tá |
| 21 | other | 다ᄅᆞ다〮 (tàlòtá) | /tà.lʌ̀.tá/ | tàlò-tá |
| 22 | one | ᄒᆞ낳〮 (hònáh) | /hʌ̀.náh/ | hònáh |
| 23 | two | 둟〯 (twǔlh) | /tǔlh/ | twǔlh |
| 24 | three | 셓〯 (sěyh) | /sə̌jh/ | sěyh |
| 25 | four | 넿〯 (něyh) | /nə̌jh/ | něyh |
| 26 | five | 다ᄉᆞᆺ〮 (tàsós) | /tà.sʌ́s/ | tàsós |
| 27 | big | 크〮다〮 (khútá) | /kʰɨ́.tá/ | khú-tá |
| 28 | long | 길〯다〮 (kǐltá) | /kǐl.tá/ | kǐl-tá |
| 29 | wide | 넙다〮 (nèptá) | /nə̀p.tá/ | nèp-tá |
| 30 | thick | 둗겁〯다〮 (twùtkěptá) | /tùt.kə̌β.tá/ | twùtkěW-tá |
| 31 | heavy | 므〮겁다〮 (múkèptá) | /mɨ́.kə̀β.tá/ | múkèW-tá |
| 32 | small | 젹〯다〮 (cyěktá), 쟉〯다〮 (cyǎktá) | /t͡sjə̌k.tá/, /t͡sjǎk.tá/ | cyěk-tá, cyǎk-tá |
| 33 | short | 뎌르다〮 (tyèlùtá) | /tjə̀.lɨ̀.tá/ | tyèlù-ta |
| 34 | narrow | 좁다〮 (cwòptá) | /t͡sòp.tá/ | cwòp-tá |
| 35 | thin | 엷〯다〮 (yělptá) | /jə̌lp.tá/ | yělp-tá |
| 36 | woman | 갓 (kas), 겨〯집 (kyěcìp) | /kàs/, /kjə̌.t͡sìp/ | kàs, kyěcìp |
| 37 | man (adult male) | ᄮᅡᄒᆡ〮 (snàhóy) | /snà.hʌ́j/ | snàhóy |
| 38 | man (human being) | 사〯ᄅᆞᆷ (sǎlòm) | /sǎ.lʌ̀m/ | sǎlòm |
| 39 | child | 아ᄒᆡ〮 (àhóy) | /à.hʌ́j/ | àhóy |
| 40 | wife | 겨〯집 (kyěcìp), 갓 (kas), 부〯ᅀᅵᆫ (pwǔzìn) | /kjə̌.t͡sìp/, /kàs/, /pǔ.zìn/ | kyěcìp, kàs, pwǔzìn |
| 41 | husband | 남진 (namcin) | /nàm.t͡sìn/ | nàmcìn |
| 42 | mother | 어〮미〮 (émí) | /ə́.mí/ | émí |
| 43 | father | 아비〮 (àpí) | /à.pí/ | àpí |
| 44 | animal | 쥬ᇰᄉᆡᇰ (cyungsoyng) | /t͡sjùŋ.sʌ̀jŋ/ | cywùngsòyng |
| 45 | fish | 고기〮 (kwòkí) | /kò.kí/ | kwòkí |
| 46 | bird | 새〯 (sǎy) | /sǎj/ | sǎy |
| 47 | dog | 가히〮 (kàhí) | /kà.hí/ | kàhí |
| 48 | louse | 니〮 (ní) | /ní/ | ní |
| 49 | snake | ᄇᆞ〮얌 (póyàm) | /pʌ́.jàm/ | póyàm |
| 50 | worm | 벌에〮 (pèléy) | /pə̀l.ɣə́j/ | pèlGéy |
| 51 | tree | 나모 (namwo) | /nà.mò/ | nàmwò |
| 52 | forest | 숳〮 (swúh), 수플〮 (swùphúl) | /súh/, /sù.pʰɨ́l/ | swúh, swùphúl |
| 53 | stick | 막다히〮 (màktàhí) | /màk.tà.hí/ | màktàhí |
| 54 | fruit | 여름〮 (yèlúm) | /jə̀.lɨ́m/ | yèlúm |
| 55 | seed | ᄡᅵ〮 (psí) | /psí/ | psí |
| 56 | leaf | 닢〮 (níph) | /nípʰ/ | níph |
| 57 | root | 불휘〮 (pwùlhwúy) | /pùl.húj/ | pwùlhwúy |
| 58 | bark (of a tree) | 겁질 (kepcil) | /kə̀p.t͡sìl/ | kèpcìl |
| 59 | flower | 곶 (kwoc) | /kòt͡s/ | kwòc |
| 60 | grass | 플〮 (phúl, “herbaceous plant”) | /pʰɨ́l/ | phúl |
| 61 | rope | 놓 (nwoh), ᄉᆞᆾ〮 (sóch) | /nòh/, /sʌ́t͡sʰ/ | nwòh, sóch |
| 62 | skin | 갗 (kach) | /kàt͡sʰ/ | kàch |
| 63 | meat | 고기〮 (kwòkí) | /kò.kí/ | kwòkí |
| 64 | blood | 피〮 (phí) | /pʰí/ | phí |
| 65 | bone | ᄲᅧ〮 (spyé) | /spjə́/ | spyé |
| 66 | fat (noun) | 고〯지〮 (kwǒcí) | /kǒ.t͡sí/ | kwǒcí |
| 67 | egg | 앓〮 (álh) | /álh/ | álh |
| 68 | horn | ᄲᅳᆯ〮 (spúl) | /spɨ́l/ | spúl |
| 69 | tail | ᄭᅩ리〮 (skwòlí) | /skò.lí/ | skwòlí |
| 70 | feather | 짗〮 (cích) | /t͡sít͡sʰ/ | cích |
| 71 | hair | 털 (thel) | /tʰə̀l/ | thèl |
| 72 | head | 머리〮 (mèlí), 마리〮 (màlí) | /mə̀.lí/, /mà.lí/ | mèlí, màlí |
| 73 | ear | 귀〮 (kwúy) | /kúj/ | kwúy |
| 74 | eye | 눈〮 (nwún) | /nún/ | nwún |
| 75 | nose | 곻〮 (kwóh) | /kóh/ | kwóh |
| 76 | mouth | 입〮 (íp) | /íp/ | íp |
| 77 | tooth | 니〮 (ní) | /ní/ | ní |
| 78 | tongue (organ) | 혀〮 (hyé) | /hjə́/ | hyé |
| 79 | fingernail | 톱〮 (thwóp, “nail”), 돕 (twop, “nail”) | /tʰóp/, /tòp/ | thwóp, twòp |
| 80 | foot | 발〮 (pál) | /pál/ | pál |
| 81 | leg | 다리 (tali) | /tà.lì/ | tàlì |
| 82 | knee | 무뤂 (mwulwuph) | /mù.lùpʰ/ | mwùlwùph |
| 83 | hand | 손〮 (swón) | /són/ | swón |
| 84 | wing | ᄂᆞᆯ〮개 (nólkày), ᄂᆞᆯ〮애 (nólày) | /nʌ́l.kàj/, /nʌ́l.ɣàj/ | nólkày, nólGày |
| 85 | belly | ᄇᆡ〮 (póy) | /pʌ́j/ | póy |
| 86 | guts | 애〯 (ǎy) | /ǎj/ | ǎy |
| 87 | neck | 목 (mwok) | /mòk/ | mwòk |
| 88 | back | 드ᇰ (tung) | /tɨ̀ŋ/ | tùng |
| 89 | breast | 가ᄉᆞᆷ〮 (kàsóm) | /kà.sʌ́m/ | kàsóm |
| 90 | heart | ᄆᆞᅀᆞᆷ (mozom), 렴토ᇰ (lyemthwong) | /mʌ̀.zʌ̀m/, /ljə̀m.tʰòŋ/ | mòzòm, lyèmthwòng |
| 91 | liver | 간〮 (kán) | /kán/ | kán |
| 92 | to drink | 마시〮다〮 (màsítá), 먹다〮 (mèktá) | /mà.sì.tá/, /mə̀k.tá/ | màsì-tá, mèk-tá |
| 93 | to eat | 먹다〮 (mèktá) | /mə̀k.tá/ | mèk-tá |
| 94 | to bite | 믈다〮 (mùltá) | /mɨ̀l.tá/ | mùl-tá |
| 95 | to suck | ᄲᆞᆯ〮다〮 (spóltá) | /spʌ́l.tá/ | spól-tá |
| 96 | to spit | 밭다〮 (pàthtá) | /pàtʰ.tá/ | pàth-tá |
| 97 | to vomit | 개오〮다〮 (kàywótá) | /kàj.ɣó.tá/ | kàyGwó-tá |
| 98 | to blow | 블〯다〮 (pǔltá) | /pɨ̌l.tá/ | pǔl-tá |
| 99 | to breathe | 쉬〯다〮 (swǔytá) | /sǔj.tá/ | swǔy-tá |
| 100 | to laugh | 웃〯다〮 (wǔstá) | /ǔz.tá/ | wǔz-tá |
| 101 | to see | 보다〮 (pwòtá) | /pò.tá/ | pwò-tá |
| 102 | to hear | 듣다〮 (tùttá) | /tɨ̀t.tá/ | tùt-tá |
| 103 | to know | 알〯다〮 (ǎltá) | /ǎl.tá/ | ǎl-tá |
| 104 | to think | 혜〯다〮 (hyěytá), ᄉᆞ라ᇰᄒᆞ다〮 (sòlànghòtá), ᄉᆡᇰ〮각〮ᄒᆞ다 (sóyngkákhòtà) | /hjə̌j.tá/, /sʌ̀.làŋ hʌ̀.tá/, /sʌ́jŋ.kák hʌ̀.tá/ | hyěy-tá, sòlàng hò-tá, sóyngkák hò-tá |
| 105 | to smell | 맡다〮 (màthtá) | /màtʰ.tá/ | màth-tá |
| 106 | to fear | 두리〮다〮 (twùlítá), 므ᅀᅴ〮다〮 (mùzúytá) | /tù.lí.tá/, /mɨ̀.zɨ́j.tá/ | twùlí-tá, mùzúy-tá |
| 107 | to sleep | ᄌᆞ다〮 (còtá) | /t͡sʌ̀.tá/ | cò-tá |
| 108 | to live | 살〯다〮 (sǎltá) | /sǎl.tá/ | sǎl-tá |
| 109 | to die | 죽다〮 (cwùktá) | /t͡sùk.tá/ | cwùk-tá |
| 110 | to kill | 주기〮다〮 (cwùkítá) | /t͡sù.kí.tá/ | cwùkí-tá |
| 111 | to fight | ᄃᆞ토〮다〮 (tòthwótá), 싸호〮다〮 (ssàhwótá) | /tʌ̀.tʰó.tá/, /s͈à.hó.tá/ | tòthwó-tá, ssàhwó-tá |
| 112 | hunt (noun) | 산ᄒᆡᇰ (sanhoyng) | /sàn.hʌ̀jŋ/ | sànhòyng |
| 113 | to hit | 티〮다〮 (thítá) | /tʰí.tá/ | thí-tá |
| 114 | to cut | 긏다〮 (kùchtá), ᄌᆞᄅᆞ다〮 (còlòtá) | /kɨ̀t͡sʰ.tá/, /t͡sʌ̀.lʌ̀.tá/ | kùch-tá, còlò-tá |
| 115 | to split | 가ᄅᆞ다〮 (kàlòtá) | /kà.lʌ̀.tá/ | kàlò-tá |
| 116 | to stab | 디ᄅᆞ다〮 (tìlòtá) | /tì.lʌ̀.tá/ | tìlò-tá |
| 117 | to scratch | 긁다〮 (kùlktá) | /kɨ̀lk.tá/ | kùlk-tá |
| 118 | to dig | ᄑᆞ〮다〮 (phótá) | /pʰʌ́.tá/ | phó-tá |
| 119 | to swim | 헤〯다〮 (hěytá) | /hə̌j.tá/ | hěy-tá |
| 120 | to fly | ᄂᆞᆯ다〮 (nòltá) | /nʌ̀l.tá/ | nòl-tá |
| 121 | to walk | 걷〯다〮 (kěttá) | /kə̌t.tá/ | kět-tá |
| 122 | to come | 오다〮 (wòtá) | /ò.tá/ | wò-tá |
| 123 | to lie (as in a bed) | 눕다〮 (nwùptá) | /nùβ.tá/ | nwùW-tá |
| 124 | to sit | 앉다〮 (ànctá) | /ànt͡s.tá/ | ànc-tá |
| 125 | to stand | 셔다〮 (syètá) | /sjə̀.tá/ | syè-tá |
| 126 | to turn (intransitive) | 돌〯다〮 (twǒltá) | /tǒl.tá/ | twǒl-tá |
| 127 | to fall | 디다〮 (tìtá) | /tì.tá/ | tì-tá |
| 128 | to give | 주다〮 (cwùtá) | /t͡sù.tá/ | cwù-tá |
| 129 | to hold | 잡다〮 (càptá) | /t͡sàp.tá/ | càp-tá |
| 130 | to squeeze | 누르〮다〮 (nwùlútá), 지즐〮다〮 (cìcúltá) | /nù.lɨ́.tá/, /t͡sì.t͡sɨ́l˦.tá/ | nwùlú-tá, cìcúl-tá |
| 131 | to rub | 비븨〮다〮 (pìpúytá) | /pì.pɨ́j.tá/ | pìpúy-tá |
| 132 | to wash | 싯다〮 (sìstá) | /sìs.tá/ | sìs-tá |
| 133 | to wipe | 다ᇧ다〮 (tàsktá) | /tàsk.tá/ | tàsk-tá |
| 134 | to pull | 그ᅀᅳ다〮 (kùzùtá), 혀다〮 (hyètá) | /kɨ̀.zɨ̀.tá/, /hjə̀.tá/ | kùzù-tá, hyè-tá |
| 135 | to push | 밀〯다〮 (mǐltá) | /mǐl.tá/ | mǐl-tá |
| 136 | to throw | 더디〮다〮 (tètítá) | /tə̀.tí.tá/ | tètí-tá |
| 137 | to tie | ᄆᆡ〯다〮 (mǒytá) | /mʌ̌j.tá/ | mǒy-tá |
| 138 | to sew | ᄧᆞ〮다〮 (pcótá) | /pt͡sʌ́.tá/ | pcó-tá |
| 139 | to count | 혜〯다〮 (hyěytá) | /hjə̌j.tá/ | hyěy-tá |
| 140 | to say | 니르다〮 (nìlùtá), ᄒᆞ다〮 (hòtá) | /nì.lʌ̀.tá/, /hʌ̀.tá/ | nìlò-tá, hò-tá |
| 141 | to sing | 브르다〮 (pùlùtá), 놀애〮ᄒᆞ다〮 (nwòláyhòtá) | /pɨ̀.lɨ̀.tá/, /nòl.ɣáj hʌ̀.tá/ | pùlù-tá, nwòlGáy hò-tá |
| 142 | to play | 놀〯다〮 (nwǒltá) | /nǒl.tá/ | nwǒl-tá |
| 143 | to float | ᄠᅳ〮다〮 (ptútá) | /ptɨ́.tá/ | ptú-tá |
| 144 | to flow | 흐르다〮 (hùlùtá) | /hɨ̀.lɨ̀.tá/ | hùlù-tá |
| 145 | to freeze | 얼〯다〮 (ěltá) | /ə̌l.tá/ | ěl-tá |
| 146 | to swell | 븟〯다〮 (pǔstá) | /pɨ̌z.tá/ | pǔz-tá |
| 147 | sun | ᄒᆡ〮 (hóy) | /hʌ́j/ | hóy |
| 148 | moon | ᄃᆞᆯ〮 (tól) | /tʌ́l/ | tól |
| 149 | star | 별〯 (pyěl) | /pjə̌l/ | pyěl |
| 150 | water | 믈〮 (múl) | /mɨ́l/ | múl |
| 151 | rain | 비〮 (pí) | /pí/ | pí |
| 152 | river | 냏〯 (nǎyh, smallish), 걸〯 (kěl, smallish), ᄀᆞᄅᆞᆷ〮 (kòlóm, large) | /nǎjh/, /kə̌l/, /kʌ̀.lʌ́m/ | nǎyh, kěl, kòlóm |
| 153 | lake | 못〮 (mwós, small), ᄀᆞᄅᆞᆷ〮 (kòlóm, large) | /mós/, /kʌ̀.lʌ́m/ | mwós, kòlóm |
| 154 | sea | 바ᄅᆞᆯ〮 (pàlól), 바닿〮 (pàtáh) | /pà.lʌ́l/, /pà.táh/ | pàlól, pàtáh |
| 155 | salt | 소곰 (swokwom) | /sò.kòm/ | swòkwòm |
| 156 | stone | 돓〯 (twǒlh) | /tǒlh/ | twǒlh |
| 157 | sand | 몰애〮 (mwòláy) | /mòl.ɣáj/ | mwòlGáy |
| 158 | dust | 틔〮 (thúy) | /tʰɨ́j/ | thúy |
| 159 | earth (soil) | ᄒᆞᆰ (holk) | /hʌ̀lk/ | hòlk |
| 160 | cloud | 구〮룸 (kwúlwùm) | /kú.lùm/ | kwúlwùm |
| 161 | fog | 안〯개〮 (ǎnkáy) | /ǎn.káj/ | ǎnkáy |
| 162 | sky | 하ᄂᆞᆶ〮 (hànólh) | /hà.nʌ́lh/ | hànólh |
| 163 | wind | ᄇᆞᄅᆞᆷ (polom) | /pʌ̀.lʌ̀m/ | pòlòm |
| 164 | snow | 눈〯 (nwǔn) | /nǔn/ | nwǔn |
| 165 | ice | 어름〮 (èlúm) | /ə̀.lɨ́m/ | èlúm |
| 166 | smoke | ᄂᆡ〮 (nóy) | /nʌ́j/ | nóy |
| 167 | fire | 블〮 (púl) | /pɨ́l/ | púl |
| 168 | ash | ᄌᆡ〮 (cóy) | /t͡sʌ́j/ | cóy |
| 169 | to burn | ᄐᆞ〮다〮 (thótá) | /tʰʌ́.tá/ | thó-tá |
| 170 | road | 긿〮 (kílh) | /kílh/ | kílh |
| 171 | mountain | 묗〯 (mwǒyh) | /mǒjh/ | mwǒyh |
| 172 | red | 븕다〮 (pùlktá) | /pɨ̀lk.tá/ | pùlk-tá |
| 173 | green | 프르〮다〮 (phùlútá, “deep green, blue”), ᄑᆞᄅᆞ〮다〮 (phòlótá, “bright green, blue”) | /pʰɨ̀.lɨ́.tá/, /pʰʌ̀.lʌ́.tá/ | phùlú-tá, phòló-tá |
| 174 | yellow | 누르〮다〮 (nwùlútá, “deep yellow”), 노ᄅᆞ〮다〮 (nwòlótá, “bright yellow”) | /nù.lɨ́.tá/, /nò.lʌ́.tá/ | nwùlú-tá, nwòló-tá |
| 175 | white | 희〮다〮 (húytá, “deep white”), ᄒᆡ〮다〮 (hóytá, “bright white”) | /hɨ́j.tá/, /hʌ́j.tá/ | húy-tá, hóy-tá |
| 176 | black | 검〯다〮 (kěmtá, “deep black”), 감〯다〮 (kǎmtá, “bright black”) | /kə̌m.tá/, /kǎm.tá/ | kěm-tá, kǎm-tá |
| 177 | night | 밤〮 (pám) | /pám/ | pám |
| 178 | day | 낮〮 (nác) | /nát͡s/ | nác |
| 179 | year | ᄒᆡ〮 (hóy) | /hʌ́j/ | hóy |
| 180 | warm | 덥〯다〮 (těptá), ᄃᆞᆺ〯다〮 (tǒstá) | /tə̌β.tá/, /tʌ̌z.tá/ | těW-tá, tǒz-tá |
| 181 | cold | 칩〮다〮 (chíptá), ᄎᆞ〮다〮 (chótá) | /t͡sʰíβ.tá/, /t͡sʰʌ́.tá/ | chíW-tá, chó-tá |
| 182 | full | ᄎᆞ〮다〮 (chótá) | /t͡sʰʌ́.tá/ | chó-tá |
| 183 | new | 새〮 (sáy) | /sáj/ | sáy |
| 184 | old | 녜〯 (nyěy) | /njə̌j/ | nyěy |
| 185 | good | 둏〯다〮 (tyǒhtá) | /tjǒh.tá/ | tywǒh-tá |
| 186 | bad | 궂다〮 (kwùctá) | /kùt͡s.tá/ | kwǔc-tá |
| 187 | rotten | 석다〮 (sèktá) | /sə̀k.tá/ | sèk-tá |
| 188 | dirty | 더〯럽다〮 (tělèptá) | /tə̌.lə́β.tá/ | těléW-tá |
| 189 | straight | 곧다〮 (kwòttá) | /kòt.tá/ | kwòt-tá |
| 190 | round | 두렵〮다〮 (twùlyéptá) | /tù.ljə́β.tá/ | twùlyéW-tá |
| 191 | sharp (as a knife) | ᄂᆞᆯ〮캅다〮 (nólkhàptá) | /nʌ́l.kʰáβ.tá/ | nólkháW-tá |
| 192 | dull (as a knife) | 무듸〮다〮 (mwùtúytá) | /mù.tɨ́j.tá/ | mwùtúy-tá |
| 193 | smooth | 부드〮럽다〮 (pwùtúlèptá) | /pù.tɨ́.lə́β.tá/ | pwùtúléW-tá |
| 194 | wet | 젖다〮 (cèctá) | /t͡sə̀t͡s.tá/ | cèc-tá |
| 195 | dry | ᄆᆞᄅᆞ다〮 (mòlòtá), 여위〮다〮 (yèwúytá) | /mʌ̀.lʌ̀.tá/, /jə̀.új.tá/ | mòlò-tá, yèwúy-tá |
| 196 | correct | 맞다〮 (màctá), 올〮ᄒᆞ다〮 (wólhòtá) | /màt͡s.tá/, /ól.hʌ̀.tá/ | màc-tá, wól-hò-tá |
| 197 | near | 갓갑〯다〮 (kàskǎptá) | /kàs.kǎβ.tá/ | kàskǎW-tá |
| 198 | far | 멀〯다〮 (měltá) | /mə̌l.tá/ | měl-tá |
| 199 | right | 올〮ᄒᆞᆫ (wólhòn) | /ól.hʌ̀n/ | wólhòn |
| 200 | left | 왼〯 (wǒyn) | /ǒjn/ | wǒyn |
| 201 | at | 에〮 (-éy), 애〮 (-áy) | /-ə́j/, /-áj/ | -éy, -áy |
| 202 | in | 않 (anh, “inside”) | /ánh/ | ánh |
| 203 | with | 으〮로〮 (-úlwó), ᄋᆞ〮로〮 (-ólwó, instrumental) | /-ɨ́.ló/, /-ʌ́.ló/ | -úlwó, -ólwó |
| 204 | and | 과〮 (-kwá), 와〮 (-wá) | /-kwá/, /-ɣwá/ | -kwá, -Gwá |
| 205 | if | 으〮면〮 (-úmyén), ᄋᆞ〮면〮 (-ómyén) | /-ɨ́.mjə́n/, /-ʌ́.mjə́n/ | -úmyén, -ómyén |
| 206 | because | 으〮니〮 (-úní), ᄋᆞ〮니〮 (-óní) | /-ɨ́.ní/, /-ʌ́.ní/ | -úní, -óní |
| 207 | name | 일홈〮 (ìlhwóm) | /ìl.hóm/ | ìlhwóm |
| 208 | house | 집 (cip) | /t͡sìp/ | cìp |
| 209 | wall | 담〮 (tám), ᄇᆞᄅᆞᆷ (polom) | /tám/, /pʌ̀.lʌ̀m/ | tám, pòlòm |
| 210 | deer | 사ᄉᆞᆷ〮 (sàsóm) | /sà.sʌ́m/ | sàsóm |
| 211 | mouse | 쥐〮 (cwúy) | /t͡súj/ | cwúy |
| 212 | rabbit | 톳기〮 (thwòskí) | /tʰòs.kí/ | thwòskí |
| 213 | eagle | 수〮리 (swúlì) | /sú.lì/ | swúlì |
| 214 | spider | 거믜〮 (kèmúy) | /kə̀.mɨ́j/ | kèmúy |
| 215 | face | ᄂᆞᆾ (noch) | /nʌ̀t͡s/ | nòch |
| 216 | body | 몸〮 (mwóm) | /móm/ | mwóm |
| 217 | navel | ᄇᆡᆺ〮복〮 (póyspwók) | /pʌ́js.pók/ | póy-s pwók |
| 218 | finger | 소ᇇ가락 (swonskalak) | /sòns.kà.làk/ | swòn-s kàlàk |
| 219 | sick (painful) |
앓다〮 (àlhtá) | /àlh.tá/ | àlh-tá |
| 220 | needle | 바ᄂᆞᆯ〮 (pànól) | /pà.nʌ́l/ | pànól |
| 221 | clothing | 옷〮 (wós) | /ós/ | wós |
| 222 | thunder | 울〮에 (wúlèy), 벼〮락〮 (pyélák) | /úl.ɣə̀j/, /pjə́.lák/ | wúlGèy, pyélák |
| 223 | lightning | 번〮게〮 (pénkéy) | /pə́n.kə̀j/ | pénkéy |
| 224 | above | 웋 (wuh) | /ùh/ | wùh |
| 225 | below | 아래〮 (àláy) | /à.làj/ | àláy |
| 226 | to cough | 깇다〮 (kìchtá) | /kìt͡s.tá/ | kìch-tá |
| 227 | to buy | 사다〮 (sàtá) | /sà.tá/ | sà-tá |
| 228 | to choose | 골오〮다〮 (kwòlwótá) | /kòl.ɣó.tá/ | kòlGwó-tá |
| 229 | to grow | ᄌᆞ〮라다〮 (cólàtá), 길〯다〮 (kǐltá) | /t͡sʌ́.là.tá/, /kǐl.tá/ | cólà-tá, kǐl-tá |
| 230 | to open | 열〯다〮 (yěltá) | /jə̌l.tá/ | yěl-tá |
| 231 | to steal | 일벗다〮 (ìlpèstá) | /ìl.pə̀z.tá/ | ìlpėz-tá |
| 232 | to dream | ᄭᅮ〮다〮 (skwútá) | /skú.tá/ | skwú-tá |
| 233 | to cry | 울〯다〮 (wǔltá) | /ǔl.tá/ | wǔl-tá |
| 234 | to yawn | 하외〮욤ᄒᆞ다〮 (hàwóyyòmhòtá) | /hà.ój.jòm hʌ̀.tá/ | hàwóyyòm hò-tá |
| 235 | to cook | 짓〯다〮 (cǐstá), 굽〯다〮 (kwǔptá) | /t͡sǐz.tá/, /kǔβ.tá/ | cǐz-tá, kǔW-tá |
| 236 | six | 여슷〮 (yèsús) | /jə̀.sɨ́s/ | yèsús |
| 237 | seven | 닐굽〮 (nìlkwúp) | /nìl.kúp/ | nìlkwúp |
| 238 | eight | 여듧〮 (yètúlp) | /jə̀.tɨ́lp/ | yètúlp |
| 239 | nine | 아홉〮 (àhwóp) | /à.hóp/ | àhwóp |
| 240 | ten | 엻〮 (yélh) | /jə́lh/ | yélh |