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This is a Swadesh list of Tupian languages, specifically Old Tupi and Guaraní , compared with that of English .
Nº
English
Old Tupi
Guarani Avañe'ë, Paraguáigua Guarani (Modern)
1
I
ixé , xe
che
2
you
endé , nde
nde
3
he
a'e , i
ha'e , i
4
we
îandé (+ 2nd person); oré (− 2nd person)
ñande (+ 2nd person); ore (− 2nd person)
5
you
peẽ , pe
peẽ , pe
6
they
a'e , i
ha'ekuéra, hikúai (post-verbal)
7
this
ã , kó , ang , ikó
ko
8
that
kûeî , akûeî
pe
9
here
iké , ké
ko'ápe
10
there
bõ , abõ
upépe
11
who
abape
mávapa
12
what
mba'epe
mba'épa
13
where
umá , umã , mamõpe
mamópa
14
when
saê
araka'épa
15
how
pupé
mba'éichapa
16
not
inti , ti , na ... i
ani .../ nd....i /nd...iri
17
all
paûá
pa
18
many
tyba , etá
eta (h-, r-)heta,reta / -ita
19
some
amó
mbovy
20
few
mobyr
mbovy
21
other
ambué
ambue
22
one
oîepé
peteĩ
23
two
mokõi
mokõi
24
three
mosapyr
mbohapy
25
four
irundyk , oîoirundyk
irundy
26
five
xepó , ambó
po
27
big
gûasu
tuicha , guasu
28
long
puku
puku
29
wide
]
pe
30
thick
anama
kyra
31
heavy
poxýi
pohýi
32
small
mirĩ
michĩ
33
short
akytã
mbyky
34
narrow
mbé
po'i
35
thin
tapi
pererĩ
36
woman
kunhã
kuña
37
man (adult male)
abá , apŷaba
kuimba'e
38
man (human being)
abá
tekove
39
child
kunumĩ , uirá
mitã'i
40
wife
embireko (t-)
tembireko (h-r)
41
husband
mena
ména
42
mother
sy
sy
43
father
uba (t-)
túva,túa, ru
44
animal
so'o
mymba , tymba
45
fish
pirá
pira
46
bird
guirá , gra
guyra
47
dog
îaguara
jagua
48
louse
mukyrãna
]
49
snake
mboîa , boi
mbói
50
worm
miñoka
taso
51
tree
ybyrá
yvyra
52
forest
ka'a
ka'aguy
53
stick
akã (s-)
pokoka
54
fruit
ybá
yva
55
seed
si
ta'ỹi
56
leaf
oba (s-)
togue
57
root
apó (t-)
tapo
58
bark
ibapé
]
59
flower
potyra , mbotyra
yvoty
60
grass
ka'apĩ , kapi
ka'a , ñana
61
rope
sama
sã
62
skin
pira
pire
63
meat
o'o (t-)
so'o
64
blood
ugûy (t-)
tuguy
65
bone
kanga
kangue
66
fat (n.)
kaba , karaku
ñandy
67
egg
upiá (s-)
tupi'a
68
horn
aka
jepoka
69
tail
ûaia (s-)
tuguái
70
feather
aba
tague
71
hair
aba
áva
72
head
a , akanga
akã
73
ear
nambi
nambi
74
eye
esá (t-)
tesa (t-,h-,r-) tesa, hesa, resa
75
nose
tĩ
tĩ
76
mouth
îuru
juru
77
tooth
ãia (t-)
tãi
78
tongue
apekũ
kũ
79
fingernail
]
pyapẽ
80
foot
py
py
81
leg
etimã (t-)
tetyma, hetyma, retyma
82
knee
endypyã
]
83
hand
pó
po
84
wing
pepó
pepo
85
belly
puruã
]
86
guts
py'a
py'akue
87
neck
aîura
ajúra
88
back
kupé
ape
89
breast
kama
káma
90
heart
ñiã , piá , pya
ñe'ã
91
liver
]
py'akue
92
drink
i-u
-'u
93
eat
karu , 'u
karu , -'u
94
bite
su'u
su'u
95
suck
pyter (trans.), suban (trans.)
pyte
96
spit
mun (trans.)
ndyvu
97
vomit
gûe'en
guele'e
98
blow
peîu
peju
99
breathe
pytu
pytuhẽ
100
laugh
puká (intr.)
puka (a)
101
see
epîak (s-) (trans.)
echa (h-) (a)
102
hear
endub (s-) (trans.)
endu (h-) (a)
103
know
kuab (trans.)
kuaa (ai)
104
think
moang
mo'ã
105
smell
etun (s-) (trans.)
hetũ
106
fear
sykyîé (intr.)
kyhyje (a)
107
sleep
ker (intr.)
ke (a)
108
live
ikobé / ekobé (t-) (intr.)
kove (ai)
109
die
manõ / e'õ (t-) (intr.)
mano (a)
110
kill
îuká (trans.)
juka (a)
111
fight
momaran
ñorairõ (a)
112
hunt
]
]
113
hit
petek (trans.)
japete
114
cut
kûytĩ
kytỹ
115
split
bobok
]
116
stab
kutuk
kutu (ai)
117
scratch
eỹia (s-) (trans.)
karãi
118
dig
ybykoi
jo'o
119
swim
'ytab (intr.)
yta (a)
120
fly (v.)
bebé (intr.)
veve (a)
121
walk
gûatá (intr.)
guata (a)
122
come
îur / ur (t-) (intr.)
ju (a)
123
lie
moúba
ty
124
sit
gûapyk (intr.)
guapy (a)
125
stand
'am
pu'ã
126
turn
bak
pyryrỹi
127
fall
'ar
-'a
128
give
me'eng (trans.)
me'ẽ (a)
129
hold
rekó
reko
130
squeeze
pyk (trans.)
jopy
131
rub
kûytyk , pixyb
kyty
132
wash
ei (s-) (trans.)
johéi
133
wipe
]
ky'a'o
134
pull
no'ẽ
nohẽ
135
push
moanhan
muaña
136
throw
ityk
ty
137
tie
tĩ , apytĩ
ñapytĩ
138
sew
poban (trans.)
mbovyvy
139
count
papar (trans.)
papa (ai)
140
say
'e
-e
141
sing
nhe'engar (intr.)
purahéi (a)
142
play
nhemosarai
ñembosarái
143
float
bebui
vevýi
144
flow
]
syry
145
freeze
]
To'ysâ,Ro'ysâ, Ho'ysâ (case distintion)
146
swell
mopungá
]
147
sun
kûarasy
kuarahy
148
moon
îasy
jasy
149
star
îasytatá
mbyja
150
water
'y
y
151
rain
amana
ama
152
river
'y
ysyry
153
lake
upaba
ypa
154
sea
paranã
para
155
salt
îukyra
juky
156
stone
itá
ita
157
sand
ybyku'i
yvyku'i
158
dust
tubyra
yvytimbo
159
earth
yby
yvy
160
cloud
ybatinga
arai
161
fog
ybytinga
tatatína
162
sky
ybaka
yvága
163
wind
ybytu
yvytu
164
snow
ro'yrypy'aka
yrypy'a
165
ice
ro'yrypy'aka
yrypy'a
166
smoke
atatinga (t-), petyma
tatatĩ , timbo
167
fire
atá (t-)
ata (t-)
168
ash
tanimbuka
kusugue , tanimbu
169
burn
kay
kái
170
road
(a)pe (t-)
ape (t-)
171
mountain
ybytyra
yvyty
172
red
pytang , pirang
pytã
173
green
oby (s-)
sa'yky
174
yellow
îub
sa'yju
175
white
ting
morotĩ
176
black
un (s-)
ũ (h-)
177
night
pytuna
pyhare
178
day
'ara
ára
179
year
seîxu , akaîu
ary
180
warm
akub /a (r,s)
haku
181
cold
ro'y
ro'y
182
full
enysem (s-)
enyhẽ (h-)
183
new
pysasu
pyahu
184
old
gûera
tuja
185
good
katu
porã , pupu
186
bad
aíb
vai
187
rotten
îuk
tuju
188
dirty
ky'á
ky'a
189
straight
atãnhé
]
190
round
a , puã
apu'a
191
sharp
aembe'e
haimbe
192
dull
]
]
193
smooth
syma , asyma
sỹi
194
wet
akûyma
hykue
195
dry
aku'i , tininga
kã
196
correct
katu
hekopete, porâ
197
near
piri
âguĩ
198
far
apuê , apê
mombyry
199
right
'ekatuaba
akatúape
200
left
asu
asúpe
201
at
-pe
-pe
202
in
-pe , pupé (inside of)
-pe , pýpe (inside of)
203
with
ndibé , irũnamo , irumo (company); pupé (instrument)
ndive , ndie , ndi (company)
204
and
none; y(in Nheengatu via Portuguese)
ha
205
if
saé
... rõ
206
because
mahy , saê
ajeve
207
name
era (t-)
éra (t-, h-, r-)(téra, réra, héra)
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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