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Appendix:Middle Indo-Aryan Swadesh lists . In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
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This is a Swadesh list of Middle Indo-Aryan languages, specifically Pali , Prakrit , Prakrit , Prakrit , Prakrit and Gandhari , compared with that of Sanskrit and Proto-Indo-Iranian , as well as English .
List
№ English Proto-Indo-Iranianedit (148) Sanskritसंस्कृतम् ( saṃskṛtam ) edit (207) Ashokan Prakritedit (9) Palipāli edit (204) Sauraseni Prakrit𑀧𑀸𑀉𑀤 ( pāuda ) edit (16) Maharastri Prakrit𑀫𑀭𑀳𑀝𑁆𑀞𑀻 𑀧𑀸𑀉𑀅 ( marahaṭṭhī pāua ) edit (127) Ardhamagadhi Prakrit𑀧𑀸𑀬𑀬 ( pāyaya ) edit (1) Magadhi Prakrit𑀧𑀸𑀓𑀺𑀤 ( pākida ) edit (1) Gandhariedit (1) 1 I (1sg )*aȷ́ʰám ahám ahaṃ , hakaṃ , ahaṃ , aaṃ ahaṃ ahaṃ ahaṃ , ahaaṃ ahaṃ hage aha 2 you (2sg )*túH , *tuHám tvám tvaṃ tumaṃ tumaṃ , taṃ 3 he , she , it (3sg )*sá sá so , sa so so , sa 4 we (1pl )*wayám vayám , nas amhe , mayaṃ amhe amhe , vaaṃ 5 you (2pl )*yúH , *yuHyám yūyám , vas tumhe tumhe tumhe 6 they (3pl )*tā́s té te , tā , tāni te te * , tāo * , tāi * , tāṇi * 7 this *ayám idám ayaṃ , sa aaṃ , iaṃ , idaṃ aaṃ , ima 8 that *sá tát asu , tad ta 9 here *Hidʰá átra , íha idha , attha atta iha , ettha 10 there *tátra tátra tattha tatta tattha 11 who *kás ká ka ko ka , kiṃ 12 what *kím , *čím kím ka , kiṃ kiṃ , kadhaṃ ka , kiṃ 13 where *kúH kútra , kúha , kvà kattha kahiṃ kattha , kahiṃ 14 when *kadáH kadā́ karāhi , kadā kaā , kāhe 15 how *káyna kathám kathaṃ kadhaṃ kahaṃ 16 not *na , *a- ná na na ṇa 17 all *sárwas , *wíćwas sárva , víśva sabba savva 18 many *pr̥Húš bahú bahu 19 some *kínčid kiñcid eke * , koci 20 few *īšát álpa appa 21 other *Hanyás anyá añña , apara aṇṇa , iara 22 one *Háywas , *Háykas éka eka ekka , ega 23 two *dwáH dvá dve do , duve , donni 24 three *tráyas trí tayo tiṇṇi 25 four *čatwā́ras cátur catpāro catur cattāri 26 five *pánča páñcan pañca paṃca 27 big *maȷ́ʰás mahát mahant 28 long *dr̥Hgʰás dīrghá dīgha dīha 29 wide *pr̥tʰúš urú uru 30 thick *stʰuHrás ghaná bahala , gahana , ghana 31 heavy *gr̥Húš gurú garu 32 small *tusćás álpa khudda , thoka 33 short *kr̥dʰúš hrasvá 34 narrow *Hánȷ́ʰuš aṃhú 35 thin *kr̥ćás , *tánuš tanú 36 woman *ǰánHs , *gnáHs , *stríH strī́ itthī 37 man (adult male)*wiHrás , *Hnáras púruṣa , nára pulisa purisa , nara purisa , ṇara 38 man (human being)*manušyás , *mártyas manuṣyá , mānava jana , manussa jaṇa , maṇussa 39 child *ȷ́aHtás bā́la , śíśu bālaka bālaa , vaccha 40 wife *pátniH pátnī , bhāryā́ dāra , bhariyā bhajjā 41 husband *pátiš páti pati paī , bhattu 42 mother *máHtā mā́tṛ mātar māu 43 father *pHtā́ pitṛ́ pitar piu 44 animal *páću páśu mig * 45 fish *mátsyas mátsya macha maccha maccha 46 bird *Háwiš ví , pakṣin pakkhin pakkhi 47 dog *ćwā́ śván *kutta kukkura , suvaṇa 48 louse *ćwíšas yūkā ūkā 49 snake *sarpás , *nāgás sarpá sappa , ahi sappa 50 worm *kŕ̥miš kṛ́mi kimi 51 tree *dā́ru vṛkṣá , tarú lukha , vracha rukkha rukkha 52 forest vána vana vaṇa 53 stick *waytasás daṇḍá laṭṭhi 54 fruit phála phala phala 55 seed *bíHȷ́am bī́ja bīja bīa 56 leaf *parnám páttra patti paṇṇa 57 root mū́la mūla mūla 58 bark (of a tree)*twákš , *varkás tvác taca 59 flower púṣpa puppha puppha , phulla 60 grass *tŕ̥nam tṛ́ṇa tiṇa , ghāsa 61 rope *rázǰuš , *rać- * rájju rajju rajju 62 skin *čárma cárman , tvác camma 63 meat *māmsás māṃsá maṃsa maṃsa 64 blood *HásHr̥ rakta , ásṛj lohita 65 bone *Hástʰi ásthi aṭṭhi aṭṭhi , haḍḍa 66 fat (noun)*píHwas pī́vas , médas meda 67 egg *Hāwyám aṇḍá aṇḍa 68 horn *ćáypas śṛṅgá singa 69 tail *púšćas , *wā́ras púccha puccha puccha , puṃcha 70 feather *parnám parṇá paṇṇa , patta paṇṇa 71 hair *Hráwma * , *káyćas * kéśa kesa 72 head *ćŕ̥Has , *ćr̥Hšá śíras sira 73 ear *kárnas kárṇa kaṇṇa kaṇṇa 74 eye *čákšuš , *čáćšma ákṣi akkhi akkhi , acchi 75 nose *náHsaH nā́sā nāsā ṇakka 76 mouth *Hā́s , *wáktram vaktra , múkha mukha muha 77 tooth *Hdánts , *ȷ́ámbʰas dánta danta daṃta 78 tongue (organ)*ȷ́iȷ́ʰwáH jihvā́ jivhā jibbhā 79 fingernail *Hnā́kš nakhá nakha ṇaha 80 foot *pā́ts padá pāda pāa 81 leg jáṅgha janghā pāa 82 knee *ȷ́ā́nu jā́nu jānu 83 hand *ȷ́ʰástas hásta , pāṇí hattha hattha 84 wing *parnám pakṣá pakkha 85 belly *udáras udára udara poṭṭa 86 guts *Hántram ántra , āntra , gudá antavaṭṭi 87 neck *griHwáH * gala , grīvā́ gīva gala 88 back *pr̥štʰás pṛṣṭhá piṭṭha 89 breast *pstánas , *HúrHas * stána thana thaṇa , vaccha 90 heart *ȷ́ʰŕ̥dayam hṛ́daya hadaya 91 liver *Hyákr̥ yákṛt yakana 92 to drink *píbati píbati pivati pivaï 93 to eat *Hátˢti khā́dati , átti adeti khāaï , bhakkhaï 94 to bite *dáćati dáśati ḍasati ḍasaï 95 to suck *dʰáyati dháyati cūsati 96 to spit ṣṭhī́vati oṭṭhubhati thukkaï 97 to vomit *wámHati vámati vamati 98 to blow *Hwā́ti * , *dʰámati vā́ti dhamati phukkaï 99 to breathe ániti sasati 100 to laugh *smáyatay smáyate , hásati hasati hasaï 101 to see *čáštay páśyati * , dṛś * pasati dakkhati dissaï * , pāsaï * 102 to hear *ćr̥náwti śṛṇóti suṇāti suṇaï 103 to know *ȷ́ānáHti jānā́ti jānāti jāṇaï 104 to think *mányatay mányate , cintayati cinteti ciṃtei 105 to smell jíghrati gandha 106 to fear *bʰáyHti bibhéti , bháyate * dara 107 to sleep *swápati svápiti supati suvaï 108 to live *ǰíHwati jī́vati jīvati 109 to die *mriyátay mriyáte marati maraï 110 to kill *ǰʰánti hánti māreti mārei 111 to fight *Hyáwdʰati , *Hyúdʰyati yúdhyate yodheti jujjhaï 112 to hunt *wáyHti * veti migava 113 to hit hánti , tāḍáyati abhihanati 114 to cut *śćinátˢti kṛntáti karati ciṃdaï * 115 to split *bʰinátˢti bhinátti bhindati vaṃṭaï * 116 to stab vídhyati chūriyāhanati 117 to scratch likháti likhati lihaï 118 to dig khánati khaṇati khaṇaï 119 to swim plávate pilavati 120 to fly pátati uḍḍeti uḍḍei 121 to walk *pádyati éti , gácchati , cárati carati calaï , gacchaï * 122 to come ā́gacchati āyāti , āgacchati āgacchaï , ei 123 to lie (as in a bed) śéte seti 124 to sit *síždati sī́dati nisīdati uvavisaï 125 to stand *stíštaHti tíṣṭhati tiṭṭhati ciṭṭhaï * , ṭhāi , ṭhāāi * 126 to turn (intransitive) vártate vaṭṭati valaï 127 to fall pádyate patati paḍaï 128 to give *dádaHti dádāti dadāti dei 129 to hold *dʰárati , *dʰāráyati dhárati dharati dharaï 130 to squeeze mṛdnā́ti nippīḷeti 131 to rub ghárṣati ghaṃsati ghāsaï 132 to wash kṣā́layati dhopati 133 to wipe mā́rṣṭi majjati 134 to pull kárṣati khaḍḍati 135 to push nudáti nudati 136 to throw kṣipáti khipati khivaï 137 to tie badhnā́ti , bandhati bandhati baṃdhaï 138 to sew sī́vyati sibbati sivvaï 139 to count gáṇayati , kálate gaṇeti gaṇei 140 to say *Háwǰʰati , *wákti , *mráwHti vákti vatti bollaï * , bhaṇaï * 141 to sing *gáHyati gā́yati gāyati gāaï 142 to play dī́vyati kīḷati kīlaï , khelaï 143 to float plávate palavati 144 to flow sárati , kṣárati dhāvati saraï 145 to freeze śī́yate sīyati 146 to swell śváyati phāti 147 sun *súHar sū́rya , ravi , sū́ra , bhāskara suriya 148 moon *mā́Has mā́sa , candramas , candrá canda 149 star *Hstā́ nákṣatra , stṛ́ , tārā tārakā 150 water *Hā́pš jalá , áp , pānīya , vā́ri , udán , toja jala , āpa jala , vāri 151 rain varṣá vassa pāusa 152 river nadī́ nadī ṇaī 153 lake sáras sara 154 sea samudrá samudda 155 salt lavaṇá loṇa 156 stone áśman asama 157 sand pāṃsú , śíkatā sikatā vāluā 158 dust reṇú reṇu dhūlī 159 earth *ȷ́ʰžʰáHs , *bʰúHmiš kṣám , pṛthvī́ bhūmi puhavī , mahī , bhūmi 160 cloud *Hmaygʰás , *abʰrás nábhas , meghá megha abbha , meha 161 fog *dʰuHmás míh mahikā 162 sky *dyā́wš ākāśá akāsa ṇaha 163 wind vāyú , vā́ta vāta vāu 164 snow himá , tuṣāra , tuhina hima 165 ice himá phāti 166 smoke *dʰuHmás dhūmá dhūma 167 fire *Hagníš * , *HaHtar- * agní aggi aggi 168 ash ā́sa bhasma 169 to burn dahati dahati jalaï 170 road patha , ádhvan , mārga patha , magga magga , vaṭṭa 171 mountain *gr̥Híš , *párwatas girí , párvata pabbata , giri pavvaya 172 red *Hráwdʰitas , *Hrudʰrás , *ĉáwnas rakta , róhita lohita 173 green *j́ʰáriš harit , harita , pā́lāśa , palāśa hari 174 yellow pīta , pītala pīta pīvala 175 white *ćwaytás śvetá sukka paṃḍura 176 black *kr̥šnás , *ćyaHwás kṛṣṇá kanha kāla 177 night *kšáp , *nákts rā́tri , nákti , kṣáp , rajanī ratti 178 day diná , áhar , divasa diva , aṇha 179 year *ćarHáts varṣá , saṃvatsara vassa , sanvacchara 180 warm taptá ghamma 181 cold *ȷ́ʰimás śītá sīta sīala 182 full *pr̥Hnás pūrṇá puṇṇa 183 new *náwas náva , nū́tana nava 184 old *ȷ́r̥Hnás jīrṇá , vṛddhá , purātana vuḍḍha juṇṇa 185 good *Hwásuš , *ćriHrás , *Hsu- vásu , bhadrá sādhu * bhaddaka , sundara sāhu * 186 bad *ákas , *pāpás , *Hagʰás , *duš- pāpá , duṣṭa pāpa duṭṭha * 187 rotten pū́ti pūtika 188 dirty malina , samala malina 189 straight *Hr̥ȷ́úš ṛjú , sādhú ujju uju 190 round vṛttá , vartula guḷa 191 sharp (as a knife)*tigmás tīkṣṇá tikkha tikkha 192 dull (as a knife)kuṇṭha kuṇtha 193 smooth ślakṣṇá , snigdhá saṇha 194 wet ārdrá , klinná adda olla 195 dry *Hsúškas śúṣka sukkha 196 correct *Hr̥ȷ́úš śuddhá , satyá utu 197 near neda * , prati * antika uva- * 198 far dūrá dūra dūra 199 right *dáćšinas dákṣiṇa dakhiṇa dakkhiṇa 200 left *sawyás savyá vāma 201 at locative case locative case locative case 202 in locative case antara locative case 203 with sahá saha saha 204 and *-ča ca ca ca 205 if yádi yadi yadi jaï 206 because hí yāvatā 207 name *Hnā́ma nā́man nāma ṇāma
Swadesh lists
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Reconstructed proto-languages
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