Appendix:Konkani Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Konkani, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

EnglishKonkani
कोंकणी (koṅkṇī)
edit (207)
1I (1sg)हांव (hā̃v)
2you (2sg)तू ()
3he, she, it (3sg)व्हो (vho), व्ही (vhī), व्हे (vhe), ये (ye), तो (to), ती (), ते (te)
4we (1pl)आम्ही (āmhī)
5you (2pl)तुम्ही (tumhī)
6they (3pl)तान्ही (tānhī)
7thisव्हो (vho), व्ही (vhī), व्हे (vhe), ये (ye)
8thatतो (to), ती (), ते (te)
9hereहांगा (hāṅgā)
10thereथै (thai)
11whoकोण (koṇ)
12whatकिदें (kidẽ), कसले (kasle)
13whereखैं (kha͠i)
14whenकेद्ना (kednā)
15howकशे (kaśe)
16notनू ()
17allसगळे (sagḷe)
18manyखूब (khūb)
19someथोडे (thoḍe)
20fewमाच्चे (mācce)
21otherदुस्रे (dusre)
22oneएक (ek)
23twoदोन (don)
24threeतीन (tīn)
25fourचार (cār)
26fiveपाच (pāc)
27bigव्होड (vhoḍ)
28longलांब (lāmba), दीघ (dīgh)
29wideरूंद (rūnda)
30thickदाट (dāṭ)
31heavyजड (jaḍ)
32smallधाक्ले (dhākle), सान (sān)
33shortगिड्डो (giḍḍo)
34narrowयेडो (yeḍo)
35thinबारीक (bārīk), सपूर (sapūr)
36womanबाइल (bāil)
37man (adult male)दिद्लो (didlo)
38man (human being)मनीस (manīs)
39childभुर्गो (bhurgo)
40wifeबाइल (bāil)
41husbandघोव (ghov)
42motherआवइ (āvai)
43fatherबापुइ (bāpui)
44animalजनावर (janāvar)
45fishमासोळी (māsoḷī), मास्ळी (māsḷī), जळकै (jaḷkai)
46birdपक्षि (pakṣi)
47dogकुत्रो (kutro), सुणो (suṇo)
48louseऊव (ūv), ऊय (ūy)
49snakeसोरोप (sorop), जिवाणे (jivāṇe)
50wormकीडो (kīḍo)
51treeझाड (jhāḍ), रूक (rūk)
52forestरान (rān)
53stickदांडो (dāṇḍo)
54fruitफळ (phaḷ)
55seedबी ()
56leafपान (pān)
57rootमूळ (mūḷ)
58bark (of a tree)(झाडाचे) साल ((jhāḍāce) sāl)
59flowerफूल (phūl)
60grassतण (taṇ)
61ropeदोरी (dorī)
62skinकात (kāt)
63meatमास (mās)
64bloodरगत (ragat)
65boneहाड (hāḍ)
66fat (noun)वोस (vos)
67eggताती (tātī), अंडें (aṇḍẽ)
68hornशींग (śīṅga)
69tailशेंपडी (śempḍī)
70featherपाक (pāk)
71hairकेस (kes)
72headतक्ली (taklī), मात्ते (mātte)
73earकान (kān)
74eyeदोळो (doḷo)
75noseनांक (nāṅka)
76mouthतोण्ड (toṇḍa)
77toothदांत (dānta)
78tongue (organ)जिब्लि (jibli), जीभ (jībh)
79fingernailनाखूट (nākhūṭ)
80footपाय (pāy)
81legपाय (pāy)
82kneeदोपोर (dopor)
83handहात (hāt)
84wingपंख (paṅkha), पांख (pāṅkha)
85bellyपोट (poṭ)
86gutsनेट (neṭ)
87neckगळो (gaḷo)
88backपिछाडें (pichāḍẽ), पाठी (pāṭhī)
89breastछाती (chātī), थान (thān)
90heartहड्डें (haḍḍẽ)
91liverयकृत (yakŕt)
92to drinkपियेव्चे (piyevce), पिव्चे (pivce)
93to eatखाव्चे (khāvce)
94to biteचाव्चे (cāvce)
95to suckचोख्चे (cokhce)
96to spitथुक्चे (thukce)
97to vomitवोंक्चे (voṅkce)
98to blowफूक मार्चे (phūk mārce)
99to breatheश्वास घेव्चे (śvās ghevce)
100to laughहास्चे (hāsce)
101to seeपव्चे (pavce), पळव्चे (paḷavce)
102to hearऐक्चे (aikce), ऐकुंचे (aikuñce)
103to knowजाण्चे (jāṇce), गोत्तु आस्चे (gottu āsce), कळ्चे (kaḷce)
104to thinkचित्चे (citce)
105to smellवास घेव्चे (vās ghevce)
106to fearभिव्चे (bhivce)
107to sleepन्हिदुंचे (nhiduñce)
108to liveजग्चे (jagce)
109to dieमर्चे (marce)
110to killमार्चे (mārce)
111to fightझगड्चे (jhagaḍce)
112to huntशिकार कर्चे (śikār karce)
113to hitमारप (mārap)
114to cutकातरप (kātrap), कापप (kāpap), तासप (tāsap)
115to splitभेसां जावप (bhesā̃ jāvap)
116to stabसुरी रोमप (surī romap)
117to scratchकरपुंचे (karpuñce)
118to digखणप (khaṇap)
119to swimफिरप (phirap)
120to flyउडप (uḍap)
121to walkचलप (calap), वचप (vacap), येवप (yevap)
122to comeपावप (pāvap)
123to lie (as in a bed)]
124to sitबसप (basap)
125to standसोंसप (sousap)
126to turn (intransitive)बदलप (badlap)
127to fallपडप (paḍap), गळप (gaḷap)
128to giveदान करप (dān karap)
129to holdपकडप (pakḍap)
130to squeezeपिळप (piḷap)
131to rubघांसप (ghāusap)
132to wash]
133to wipeफासप (phāsap), पुसप (pusap)
134to pullओडप (oḍap), तोडप (toḍap)
135to push]
136to throwउडोवप (uḍovap),
137to tieबांधप (bāndhap)
138to sewशिंवप (śiuvap)
139to countगणना करप (gaṇnā karap)
140to sayम्हणप (mhaṇap)
141to singगावप (gāvap)
142to play]
143to floatपातळावप (pātḷāvap)
144to flowव्हांवप (vhāuvap)
145to freezeगोठप (goṭhap)
146to swellवाडप (vāḍap), सुजप (sujap)
147sunसूर्य (sūrya)
148moonचंद्र (candra)
149starतारो (tāro)
150waterउदक (udak), तेज (tej), पाणी (pāṇī), जल (jal)
151rainपावस (pāvas), शिंवर (śiuvar)
152riverन्हंय (nhaiya), नदी (nadī)
153lakeतळी (taḷī)
154seaदर्या (daryā), समुद्र (samudra)
155saltमीठ (mīṭh)
156stoneफातर (phātar)
157sandरेंव (reuva)
158dustपिठो (piṭho)
159earthजमीन (jamīn), भूंय (bhūiya)
160cloudकूप (kūp)
161fogधुकें (dhukẽ)
162skyआकाश (ākāś)
163windवायू (vāyū)
164snowझेल (jhel)
165iceझेल (jhel)
166smokeधुंवर (dhuuvar)
167fireउजो (ujo)
168ashराख (rākh)
169to burnजळप (jaḷap)
170roadरस्तो (rasto)
171mountainदोंगर (doṅgar)
172redलाल (lāl)
173greenपाच्वौं (pācva͠u)
174yellowहळदुवो (haḷduvo)
175whiteधवो (dhavo)
176blackकाळो (kāḷo)
177nightरात (rāt)
178dayदीस (dīs)
179yearवर्स (varsa)
180warmगरम (garam)
181coldथंड (thaṇḍa)
182fullपुराय (purāy)
183newनवें (navẽ)
184oldपुरातन (purātan)
185goodबरें (barẽ)
186badकुशिल्लें (kuśillẽ)
187rottenकुशिल (kuśil)
188dirtyम्हेळें (mheḷẽ)
189straightसरळ (saraḷ)
190roundगोलाकार (golākār)
191sharp (as a knife)तिखट (tikhaṭ)
192dull (as a knife)]
193smoothलाघवी (lāghvī)
194wetओलें (olẽ)
195dryसुकें (sukẽ)
196correctसत (sat)
197nearसमीप (samīp)
198farपयशिल्लें (payśillẽ)
199rightउजवो (ujvo )
200leftदावो (dāvo )
201atचेर (cer)
202inभितर (bhitar)
203withलागीं (lāgī̃)
204andआनी (ānī)
205ifजर (jar)
206becauseलागून (lāgūn)
207nameनांव (nāuva)
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