Appendix:Kyrgyz Swadesh list

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This is a Swadesh list of words in Kyrgyz, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

EnglishKyrgyz
кыргызча (kırgızca)
edit (207)
1I (1sg)мен (men)
2you (2sg)сен (sen)
3he, she, it (3sg)ал (al)
4we (1pl)биз (biz)
5you (2pl)силер (siler)
6they (3pl)алар (alar)
7thisбул (bul)
8thatал (al)
9hereбул жер (bul jer)
10thereал жер (al jer)
11whoким (kim)
12whatэмне (emne)
13whereкайда (kayda)
14whenкачан (kacan)
15howкандай (kanday)
16notэмес (emes)
17allбаары (baarı)
18manyкөп (köp)
19someбир нече (bir nece)
20fewаз (az)
21otherбашка (başka)
22oneбир (bir)
23twoэки (eki)
24threeүч (üc)
25fourтөрт (tört)
26fiveбеш (beş)
27bigчоң (coŋ)
28longузун (uzun)
29wideкенен (kenen)
30thickкалың (kalıŋ)
31heavyоор (oor)
32smallкичинекей (kicinekey)
33shortкыска (kıska)
34narrowтар (tar)
35thinичке (icke)
36womanаял (ayal) (Arabic)
37man (adult male)эркек (erkek)
38man (human being)киши (kişi)
39childбала (bala)
40wifeаял (ayal) (Arabic)
41husbandкүйөө (küyöö)
42motherапа (apa)
43fatherата (ata)
44animalжаныбар (janıbar) (Persian)
45fishбалык (balık)
46birdкуш (kuş)
47dogит (it)
48louseбит (bit)
49snakeжылан (jılan)
50wormкурт (kurt)
51treeбак (bak) (Persian)
52forestтокой (tokoy)
53stickтаяк (tayak)
54fruitжемиш (jemiş)
55seedурук (uruk)
56leafжалбырак (jalbırak)
57rootтамыр (tamır)
58bark (of a tree)кабык (kabık)
59flowerгүл (gül) (Persian)
60grassчөп (cöp)
61ropeаркан (arkan)
62skinтери (teri)
63meatэт (et)
64bloodкан (kan)
65boneсөөк (söök)
66fat (noun)май (may)
67eggжумуртка (jumurtka)
68hornмүйүз (müyüz)
69tailкуйрук (kuyruk)
70featherжүн (jün)
71hairчач (cac)
72headбаш (baş)
73earкулак (kulak)
74eyeкөз (köz)
75noseмурун (murun)
76mouthооз (ooz)
77toothтиш (tiş)
78tongue (organ)тил (til)
79fingernailтырмак (tırmak)
80footбут (but)
81legбут (but)
82kneeтизе (tize)
83handкол (kol)
84wingканат (kanat)
85bellyкурсак (kursak)
86gutsичеги (icegi)
87neckмоюн (moyun)
88backарка (arka)
89breastэмчек (emcek)
90heartжүрөк (jürök)
91liverбоор (boor)
92to drinkичүү (icüü)
93to eatже (je)
94to biteтиштөө (tiştöö)
95to suckэмүү (emüü) (as breast)
96to spitтүкүрүү (tükürüü)
97to vomitкусуу (kusuu)
98to blowүйлөө (üylöö) (air out of the mouth)
99to breatheдем алуу (dem aluu) (Persian)
100to laughкүлүү (külüü)
101to seeкөрүү (körüü)
102to hearугуу (uguu)
103to knowбилүү (bilüü)
104to thinkойлоо (oyloo)
105to smellжыттоо (jıttoo)
106to fearкоркуу (korkuu)
107to sleepуктоо (uktoo)
108to liveжашоо (jaşoo)
109to dieөлүү (ölüü)
110to killөлтүрүү (öltürüü)
111to fightсогушуу (soguşuu)
112to huntуулоо (uuloo)
113to hitуруу (uruu)
114to cutкесүү (kesüü)
115to splitбөлүү (bölüü)
116to stabсаюу (sayuu)
117to scratchтырмоо (tırmoo)
118to digказуу (kazuu)
119to swimсүзүү (süzüü)
120to flyучуу (ucuu)
121to walkбасуу (basuu)
122to comeкелүү (kelüü)
123to lie (as in a bed)жатуу (jatuu)
124to sitотуруу (oturuu)
125to standтуруу (turuu)
126to turn (intransitive)бурулуу (buruluu)
127to fallтүшүү (tüşüü)
128to giveберүү (berüü)
129to holdкармоо (karmoo)
130to squeezeсыгуу (sıguu)
131to rubсүртүү (sürtüü)
132to washжуу (juu)
133to wipeаарчуу (aarcuu)
134to pullтартуу (tartuu)
135to pushтүртүү (türtüü)
136to throwыргытуу (ırgıtuu)
137to tieбайлоо (bayloo)
138to sewтигүү (tigüü)
139to countсаноо (sanoo)
140to sayайтуу (aytuu)
141to singырдоо (ırdoo)
142to playойноо (oynoo)
143to floatкалкуу (kalkuu)
144to flowагуу (aguu)
145to freezeтоңуу (toŋuu)
146to swellшишүү (şişüü)
147sunкүн (kün)
148moonай (ay)
149starжылдыз (jıldız)
150waterсуу (suu)
151rainжаан (jaan)
152riverдарыя (darıya) (Persian)
153lakeкөл (köl)
154seaдеңиз (deŋiz)
155saltтуз (tuz)
156stoneташ (taş)
157sandкум (kum)
158dustчаң (caŋ)
159earthжер (jer)
160cloudбулут (bulut)
161fogтуман (tuman)
162skyасман (asman) (Persian)
163windжел (jel)
164snowкар (kar)
165iceмуз (muz)
166smokeтүтүн (tütün)
167fireот (ot)
168ashкүл (kül)
169to burnкүйүү (küyüü)
170roadжол (jol)
171mountainтоо (too)
172redкызыл (kızıl)
173greenжашыл (jaşıl)
174yellowсары (sarı)
175whiteак (ak)
176blackкара (kara)
177nightтүн (tün)
178dayкүн (kün)
179yearжыл (jıl)
180warmжылуу (jıluu)
181coldсуук (suuk)
182fullтолук (toluk)
183newжаңы (jaŋı)
184oldэски (eski)
185goodжакшы (jakşı)
186badжаман (jaman)
187rottenчирик (cirik)
188dirtyкир (kir)
189straightтүз (tüz)
190roundтоголок (togolok) (spherical)
191sharp (as a knife)курч (kurc)
192dull (as a knife)мокок (mokok)
193smoothжылмакай (jılmakay)
194wetсуу (suu)
195dryкургак (kurgak)
196correctтуура (tuura)
197nearжакын (jakın)
198farалыс (alıs)
199rightоң ()
200leftсол (sol)
201at-да (-da)
202in-да (-da)
203withменен (menen)
204andжана (jana)
205if-са (-sa)
206becauseанткени (antkeni)
207nameат (at)
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
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