Appendix:Hittite Swadesh list

Hello, you have come here looking for the meaning of the word Appendix:Hittite Swadesh list. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word Appendix:Hittite Swadesh list, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say Appendix:Hittite Swadesh list in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word Appendix:Hittite Swadesh list you have here. The definition of the word Appendix:Hittite Swadesh list will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition ofAppendix:Hittite Swadesh list, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.

This is a Swadesh list of words in Hittite, compared with definitions in English.

Presentation

For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List (new)

โ„–EnglishHittite
๐’Œท๐’‰Œ๐’…†๐’‡ท
edit (81)
1I (1sg)๐’Œ‘๐’ŠŒ (รบ-uk)
2you (2sg)๐’ฃ๐’„ฟ๐’…… (zi-i-ik)
3he, she, it (3sg)-๐’€ธ (-aลก)
4we (1pl)
5you (2pl)
6they (3pl)
7this
8that
9here
10there
11who๐’†ช๐’…– (ku-iลก)
12what๐’†ช๐’€‰ (ku-it)
13where๐’†ช๐’‰ฟ๐’‰ (ku-wa-pรญ)
14when๐’†ช๐’‰ฟ๐’‰ (ku-wa-pรญ)
15how
16not๐’ˆพ๐’€œ๐’‹ซ (natta)
17all๐’‰บ๐’€ญ๐’†ช๐’‘ (pa-an-ku-uลก), ๐’•๐’€ธ๐’‹—๐’‘ (da-aลก-ลกu-uลก), ๐’„ท๐’Œ‹๐’ˆ ๐’€ญ๐’ (แธซu-u-ma-an-za)
18many
19some
20few๐’‹ผ๐’๐’‘ (te-pu-uลก)
21other
22one
23two
24three
25four
26five
27big๐’Šฉ๐’‡ท๐’…– (sallis)
28long
29wide๐’„๐’„ญ๐’…– (palแธซis)
30thick
31heavy๐’ˆพ๐’€๐’† ๐’…– (nakkis)
32small๐’„ ๐’ˆช๐’…€๐’€ญ๐’ (amiyanz(a)), ๐’‹ผ๐’๐’‘ (te-pu-uลก)
33short
34narrow๐’„ฉ๐’€œ๐’†ช๐’‘ (แธซa-at-ku-uลก)
35thin
36woman
37man (adult male)๐’‡ฝ๐’€ธ (Lรš-aลก)
38man (human being)๐’€ญ๐’Œ…๐’‰ฟ๐’„ด๐’„ฉ๐’€ธ (an-tu-wa-aแธซ-แธซa-aลก)
39child
40wife
41husband๐’‡ฝ๐’€ธ (Lรš-aลก)
42mother๐’€ญ๐’ˆพ๐’€ธ (annaลก)
43father๐’€œ๐’‹ซ๐’€ธ (at-ta-aลก), ๐’€œ๐’•๐’€ธ (ad-da-aลก)
44animal
45fish๐’ˆฆ๐’„ท๐’Œ‹๐’‰ฟ๐’…€๐’€ธ (parแธซลซwayaลก) (gen. sg.; hapax legomenon - speculated meaning)
46bird
47dog
48louse
49snake
50worm
51tree๐’‹ซ๐’€€๐’Š’ (ta-a-ru), ๐’‹ซ๐’Š’ (taru)
52forest
53stick๐’‰บ๐’„ด๐’„ญ๐’…” (paแธซแธซin) (speculated meaning)
54fruit
55seed
56leaf
57root
58bark (of a tree)
59flower๐’€€๐’‡ท๐’‚– (a-le-el)
60grass๐’Œ‘๐’‚–๐’†ช (รบ-el-ku)
61rope๐’…–๐’„ญ๐’ˆ ๐’€€๐’€ธ (iลก-แธซi-ma-a-aลก)
62skin๐’†ณ๐’Šญ๐’€ธ (kur-sa-as)
63meat
64blood๐’‚Š๐’Œ๐’„ฏ (e-eลก-แธซar)
65bone๐’„ฉ๐’€ธ๐’‹ซ๐’„ฟ (แธซa-aลก-ta-i)
66fat (noun)๐’Šญ๐’‚ต๐’€ญ (ลกa-ga-an)
67egg
68horn
69tail
70feather
71hair
72head
73ear
74eye๐’ƒฒ๐’„ญ๐’€€๐’…– (IGI.แธชI.A.-iลก /ลกakawiลก/)
75nose
76mouth๐’€€๐’„ฟ๐’…– (a-i-iลก)
77tooth
78tongue (organ)๐’†ท๐’€€๐’†ท๐’€ธ (la-a-la-aลก)
79fingernail
80foot๐’„Š๐’€ธ (GรŒR-aลก /*patas/)
81leg
82knee๐’„€๐’‰ก (ge-nu)
83hand๐’† ๐’Œ๐’Šฌ (ke-eลก-ลกar)
84wing๐’ˆฆ๐’‹ซ๐’Œ‹๐’‰ฟ๐’…ˆ (pรกrtauwar), ๐’๐’‹ป (pรกt-tar)
85belly
86guts
87neck
88back
89breast๐’‹ผ๐’‚Š๐’‹ซ๐’€ญ (te-e-ta-an)
90heart๐’† ๐’…• (ker), ๐’Šฎ๐’…• (ล ร€-er)
91liver
92to drink๐’‚Š๐’†ช๐’ฃ (e-ku-zi)
93to eat๐’‚Š๐’„‘๐’๐’Š๐’ฃ (ฤ“zz(a)zzi)
94to bite๐’‰ฟ๐’€€๐’†  (wa-a-ki)
95to suck
96to spit
97to vomit
98to blow๐’‰บ๐’Š๐’€€๐’„ฟ (pa-ra-a-i)
99to breathe
100to laugh
101to see๐’Œ‹๐’„ด๐’„ญ (u-uแธซ-แธซi) (first-person singular present active)
102to hear
103to know๐’Šญ๐’€€๐’€๐’†  (ลกa-a-ak-ki)
104to think
105to smell
106to fear
107to sleep๐’‹—๐’Œ’๐’‰บ๐’Š‘ (ลกu-up-pa-ri), ๐’‹—๐’Œ’๐’‰๐’„‘๐’ฃ (su-up-pรญ-ez-zi)
108to live๐’„ท๐’‘ (แธซu-uลก)
109to die
110to kill
111to fight
112to hunt
113to hit๐’‰ฟ๐’€ ๐’„ด๐’ฃ (wa-al-aแธซ-zi)
114to cut
115to split
116to stab
117to scratch
118to dig๐’๐’•๐’€€๐’„ฟ (pรกd-da-a-i)
119to swim
120to fly๐’๐’•๐’€€๐’„ฟ (pรญd-da-a-i)
121to walk๐’„ฟ๐’…€๐’€œ๐’‹ซ (i-ya-at-ta)
122to come
123to lie (as in a bed)
124to sit
125to stand
126to turn (intransitive)
127to fall
128to give๐’‰บ๐’€€๐’„ฟ (pฤi)
129to hold
130to squeeze๐’…†๐’„ฟ๐’„‘๐’ฃ (ลกi-i-ez-zi)
131to rub๐’‰๐’Œ๐’ฃ (pรฉ-eลก-zi)
132to wash
133to wipe
134to pull
135to push
136to throw๐’‰๐’Œ๐’…†๐’„‘๐’ฃ (pรฉ-eลก-ลกi-ez-zi)
137to tie
138to sew
139to count
140to say
141to sing
142to play
143to float
144to flow๐’…ˆ๐’€ธ๐’ฃ (ar-aลก-zi), ๐’…†๐’„ฟ๐’„‘๐’ฃ (ลกi-i-ez-zi)
145to freeze
146to swell
147sun
148moon
149star๐’„ฉ๐’€ธ๐’‹ผ๐’…•๐’ (แธซa-as-te-er-za)
150water๐’‰ฟ๐’€€๐’‹ป (wa-a-tar)
151rain
152river๐’„ฉ๐’‰บ๐’€€ (แธซa-pa-a) (towards the river)
153lake
154sea๐’€€๐’Š’๐’ˆพ๐’€ธ (a-ru-na-aลก)
155salt
156stone๐’‰บ๐’€ธ๐’…†๐’†ท๐’€ธ (passilas)
157sand
158dust
159earth๐’‹ผ๐’‚Š๐’ƒท (te-e-kรกn), ๐’๐’Š’๐’Œ“ (purut)
160cloud๐’€ ๐’‰บ๐’€ธ (alpas)
161fog
162sky๐’‰ˆ๐’‚Š๐’‰๐’…– (nฤ“pis)
163wind๐’„ท๐’Œ‹๐’‰ฟ๐’€ญ๐’ (แธซu-u-wa-an-za), ๐’„ท๐’‰ฟ๐’€ญ๐’ (แธซu-wa-an-za)
164snow
165ice๐’‚Š๐’ƒท (e-kรกn)
166smoke
167fire๐’‰บ๐’„ด๐’„ฏ (pa-aแธซ-แธซur)
168ash
169to burn๐’‰ฟ๐’Š๐’€€๐’‰Œ (wa-ra-a-ni), ๐’‡ป๐’ŠŒ๐’† ๐’„‘๐’ฃ (lu-uk-ki-ez-zi), ๐’‰ฟ๐’…ˆ๐’‰ก๐’Šป๐’ฃ (wa-ar-nu-uz-zi)
170road๐’†œ๐’€ธ (KASKAL-aลก /pal(ลก)/)
171mountain
172red
173green
174yellow
175white๐’„ฏ๐’† ๐’…– (แธซar-ki-iลก)
176black
177night๐’…–๐’‰บ๐’€ญ๐’ (ispanza)
178day
179year
180warm
181cold๐’‚Š๐’†ช๐’ˆพ๐’€ธ (e-ku-na-aลก)
182full
183new๐’‰‹๐’€ธ (GIBIL-aลก /nฤ“was/)
184old๐’ˆช๐’…€๐’„ท๐’‰ฟ๐’€ญ๐’ (miyaแธซuwanz)
185good๐’€€๐’€ธ๐’‹—๐’‘ (a-aลก-ลกu-uลก)
186bad๐’„ฟ๐’•๐’€€๐’‡ป๐’‘ (i-da-a-lu-uลก)
187rotten
188dirty
189straight
190round
191sharp (as a knife)๐’€ ๐’๐’‘ (al-pu-uลก)
192dull (as a knife)
193smooth
194wet
195dry
196correct๐’€€๐’€€๐’Š (a-a-ra)
197near
198far
199right
200left
201at
202in๐’€ธ (aลก), ] [ (andan)
203with
204and
205if
206because๐’€ธ (aลก)
207name๐’†ท๐’€€๐’ˆ ๐’€ญ (la-a-ma-an)

List (old)

No. English Hittite
๐’Œท๐’‰Œ๐’…†๐’‡ท (ni-ลกi-li)
1 I ๐’Œ‘๐’ŠŒ (ลซk)
2 you (singular) ๐’ฃ๐’„ฟ๐’…… (zฤซk)
3 he, she, it --๐’€ธ (as)
4 we wฤ“s
5 you (plural) sumฤ“s
6 they -e
7 this kฤs
8 that apฤs
9 here kฤ
10 there apiya
11 who kuis
12 what kuit
13 where kuwapi
14 when kuwapi
15 how mฤhhan
16 not ๐’ˆพ๐’€œ๐’‹ซ (natta)(dittas=Yes)
17 all hลซmantes
18 many mฤ“kkies
19 some kuiesqa
20 few tฤ“pawes
21 other damais
22 one *ฤs
23 two dฤn
24 three tฤ“ries
25 four meyawes
26 five -
27 big ๐’Šฉ๐’‡ท๐’…– (sallis)
28 long dalukis
29 wide ๐’„๐’„ญ๐’…– (palแธซis)
30 thick -
31 heavy suwฤrus, ๐’ˆพ๐’€๐’† ๐’…– (nakkis)
32 small kappis
33 short manninkuwanz
34 narrow hatkus
35 thin maklanz
36 woman *kuwanz
37 man (adult male) ๐’‰๐’Œ๐’ˆพ๐’€ธ (pesnas) (gen. sg.)
38 man (human being) antuhsas
39 child hฤssas
40 wife *kuwanz
41 husband ๐’‰๐’Œ๐’ˆพ๐’€ธ (pesnas) (gen. sg.)
42 mother ๐’€ญ๐’ˆพ๐’€ธ (annas)
43 father ๐’€œ๐’‹ซ๐’€ธ (attas)
44 animal suppalas
45 fish ๐’ˆฆ๐’„ท๐’Œ‹๐’‰ฟ๐’„ฟ๐’€€๐’€ธ (parแธซลซwayas) (gen. sg.)
46 bird suwais (?)
47 dog kuwas (?)
48 louse -
49 snake iluyanka
50 worm -
51 tree tฤru
52 forest tiessar
53 stick ๐’‰บ๐’€ช๐’„ญ๐’…” (paแธซแธซin) (?)
54 fruit sesan
55 seed warwalan
56 leaf hurpastas
57 root sลซrkas
58 bark (of a tree) -
59 flower alil
60 grass wฤ“lku
61 rope ishimas
62 skin -
63 meat -
64 blood eshฤr
65 bone hastฤi
66 fat (noun) sakan
67 egg -
68 horn karฤwar
69 tail sisai (?)
70 feather patar
71 hair tetanas
72 head harsar
73 ear istฤman
74 eye ๐’ƒฒ๐’„ญ๐’€€๐’…– (sakaui-is)
75 nose tititan
76 mouth ais, iss-
77 tooth gagas
78 tongue (organ) lalas
79 fingernail kaddu (?)
80 foot ๐’„Š๐’€ธ (patas)
81 leg egdu
82 knee gฤ“nu
83 hand kissar
84 wing ๐’ˆฆ๐’‹ซ๐’Œ‹๐’‰ฟ๐’…ˆ (pรกrtauwar), ๐’๐’‹ป (pรกttar)
85 belly sarhuwanz
86 guts garates
87 neck kuttar (?)
88 back iskis
89 breast tฤ“tan
90 heart ๐’† ๐’…• (kir)
91 liver lissi
92 to drink ekuzi
93 to eat ๐’‚Š๐’„‘๐’๐’Š๐’ฃ (ฤ“zzi)
94 to bite wฤki
95 to suck u(n)hzi
96 to spit allappahhi
97 to vomit -
98 to blow ๐’‰บ๐’Š๐’€€๐’„ฟ (parฤi)
99 to breathe -
100 to laugh halwammar
101 to see auszi, ๐’Œ‹๐’€ช๐’„ญ (uแธซแธซi)
102 to hear istamaszi
103 to know ๐’Šญ๐’€€๐’€๐’†  (sฤkki)
104 to think mala
105 to smell -
106 to fear nฤhi
107 to sleep seszi
108 to live huiszi
109 to die aki
110 to kill kuฤ“nzi
111 to fight hullezzi
112 to hunt huwarniskezzi
113 to hit walhzi
114 to cut kuฤ“rzi
115 to split iskallai
116 to stab iskฤri
117 to scratch *arrirrai
118 to dig ๐’๐’•๐’€€๐’„ฟ (pรกddฤi)
119 to swim -
120 to fly ๐’๐’•๐’€€๐’„ฟ (pรญddฤi)
121 to walk ๐’„ฟ๐’„ฟ๐’€€๐’€œ๐’‹ซ (i-ya-at-ta /โ iyattaโ /)
122 to come uฤ“zzi
123 to lie (as in a bed) kitta
124 to sit ฤ“sa
125 to stand arta
126 to turn (intransitive) wehzi, nฤ“a
127 to fall mauszi
128 to give ๐’‰บ๐’€€๐’„ฟ (pฤi)
129 to hold harzi
130 to squeeze ๐’…†๐’„ฟ๐’„‘๐’ฃ (sฤซezzi)
131 to rub ๐’‰๐’Œ๐’ฃ (peszi)
132 to wash ฤrri, warpzi
133 to wipe fshin
134 to pull huettiezzi
135 to push suwezzi
136 to throw ๐’‰๐’Œ๐’…†๐’„‘๐’ฃ (pesiezi), ลซssiezzi
137 to tie ishai, hamanki
138 to sew -
139 to count kappuezzi
140 to say tฤ“zzi
141 to sing ishamai
142 to play duskzi, hinganiskezzi
143 to float -
144 to flow ฤrszi
145 to freeze ekฤizzi
146 to swell suwattari
147 sun istanus
148 moon armas
149 star ๐’„ฉ๐’€ธ๐’‹ผ๐’…•๐’ (ha-as-te-er-za)
150 water ๐’‰ฟ๐’€€๐’‹ป (wa-a-tar)
151 rain hฤ“us
152 river hapas
153 lake lulis (?)
154 sea ๐’€€๐’Š’๐’ˆพ๐’€ธ (arunas)
155 salt -
156 stone ๐’‰บ๐’€ธ๐’…†๐’†ท๐’€ธ (passilas)
157 sand -
158 dust -
159 earth ๐’‹ผ๐’‚Š๐’ƒท (tฤ“kan)
160 cloud alpฤs
161 fog kammaras
162 sky ๐’‰ˆ๐’‚Š๐’‰๐’…– (nฤ“pis)
163 wind huwanz
164 snow -
165 ice ๐’‚Š๐’ƒท (ekan)
166 smoke tuhhuwais
167 fire ๐’‰บ๐’€ช๐’„ฏ (paแธซแธซur)
168 ash hฤs, hฤss-
169 to burn urฤni
170 road ๐’†œ๐’€ธ (palsas)
171 mountain -
172 red mitas
173 green hahlawanz
174 yellow hahlawanz
175 white ๐’„ฏ๐’† ๐’…– (ha-ar-ki-is)
176 black hanzanas, dankuis
177 night ispanz
178 day sฤซwaz
179 year wฤซz
180 warm ฤnz
181 cold ekunanz
182 full suus
183 new nฤ“was
184 old ๐’ˆช๐’…€๐’„ท๐’‰ฟ๐’€ญ๐’ (miyahwanz)
185 good ฤssus
186 bad ๐’„ฟ๐’•๐’€€๐’‡ป๐’‘ (idฤlus)
187 rotten harranz
188 dirty iskunanz
189 straight -
190 round -
191 sharp (as a knife) ๐’€ ๐’๐’‘ (alpus)
192 dull (as a knife) alpanz
193 smooth mius
194 wet hurniyanz
195 dry hฤtanz
196 correct ฤra
197 near manninkuwanz
198 far duwฤn
199 right kunnas
200 left -
201 at -
202 in andan
203 with katti-
204 and -Ca, -ya
205 if takku
206 because kuit
207 name ๐’†ท๐’€€๐’ˆ ๐’€ญ (lฤman)
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
(edit this template)
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia