Appendix:Sinitic Swadesh lists

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This is a Swadesh list of Sinitic languages, specifically Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien, Eastern Min, Wu and Xiang, compared with that of English. Sinitic languages are alternatively known as Chinese dialects.

Presentation

For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

Part 1 Part 2 Part 3
1-91 92-146 147-207

List

The following varieties that are referenced are listed below. Please refer to their respective pages for more information.

EnglishMandarin
普通話普通话 (pǔtōnghuà)
edit (207)
Mandarin
四川話四川话 (Sìchuānhuà)
edit (207)
Mandarin
南京話南京话 (Nánjīnghuà)
edit (207)
Cantonese
廣州話广州话 (gwong2 zau1 waa6-2)
edit (207)
Hakka
粵台客家話粤台客家话
edit (207)
Hokkien
閩南語闽南语
edit (207)
Eastern Min
閩東語闽东语 (mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄)
edit (207)
Wu
上海閒話上海闲话
edit (207)
Wu
蘇州閒話苏州闲话
edit (207)
Xiang
長沙話长沙话
edit (207)
1I (1sg) () (ngo3) (o3) (ngo5)𠊎 (ngài) (góa) (nguāi) (ngu6) (ngou6), (nou6)* (ngo3)
2you (2sg) ()*, (nín)* (nyi3) (li3) (nei5) (ngì) () (nṳ̄) (non6) (ne6) (nyi3)
3he, she, it (3sg) (), (), () (ta1) (ta1) (keoi5) () (i) (ĭ) (yi6) (ne6), 唔倷 (n1 ne6), 俚倷 (li1 ne6) (ta1)
4we (1pl)我們我们 (wǒmen)我們我们 (ngo3 men2-1)我們我们 (o3 men2)我哋 (ngo5 dei6)𠊎等 (ngài-tén) (gún)*, (lán)*我各儂我各侬 (nguāi gáuk→gó̤k-nè̤ng)阿拉 (aq7 laq8/la6), 我伲 (ngu6 gni6)*, (gni6)* (gni6), 我伲 (ngou6 gni6)*我們我们 (ngo3 men)
5you (2pl)你們你们 (nǐmen)*, (nín)*你們你们 (nyi3 men2-1)你們你们 (li3 men2)你哋 (nei5 dei6)汝等 (ngì-tén) (lín)汝各儂汝各侬 (nṳ̄ gáuk→gó̤k-nè̤ng) (na6)俉篤俉笃 (n6 toq7)你們你们 (nyi3 men)
6they (3pl)他們他们 (tāmen)他們他们 (ta1 men2-1)他們他们 (ta1 men2)佢哋 (keoi5 dei6)佢等 (kì-tén)𪜶 (in)伊各儂伊各侬 (ĭ gáuk→gó̤k-nè̤)伊拉 (yi6 la6/laq8)俚篤俚笃 (li1 toq7), 唔篤唔笃 (n1 toq7)他們他们 (ta1 men)
7this (zhè, zhèi), 這個这个 (zhège, zhèige)這個这个 (ze4 go4)這個这个 (zhe4 go4) (ni1), (ji1) (liá) (che), 即個即个 (chit-ê)𪢕 (cuòi), 茲隻兹只 (geq8)*, (diq8)* (e1), (ke1), (geq8)咯個咯个
8that (nà, nèi), 那個那个 (nàge, nèige)那個那个 (na4 go4)那個那个 (la4 go4) (go2) (kâi) (he), 彼個彼个 (hit-ê) (huòi), 許隻许只 (hī-ciáh→ciéh) (e1), (i1) (ue1), (kue1), (geq8)那個那个
9here這裡这里 (zhèli), 這兒这儿 (zhèr)*這點兒这点儿 (ze4 dianr3)這塊这块 (zhe4 kuä4)呢度 (ni1 dou6), 依度 (ji1 dou6)這兜这兜 (liá-têu), (chia)嚽塊𪢕块 (cŭ-uái), 嚽所𪢕所搿墶搿垯 (geq8 taq7), 此地 (tshy1 di6)哀墶哀垯 (e1 taeq7), 該墶该垯 (ke1 taeq7), 搿墶搿垯 (geq8 taeq7)咯裏咯里 (go6 li), 咯塊子咯块子
10there那裡那里 (nàli), 那兒那儿 (nàr)那點兒那点儿 (na4 dianr3)那塊那块 (la4 kuä4)嗰度 (go2 dou6)該兜该兜 (kâi-têu), (hia)夫塊夫块, 夫所埃面墶埃面垯 (e1 mi6 taq7), 伊面墶伊面垯 (i1 mi6 taq7)彎墶弯垯 (ue1 taeq7), 歸墶归垯 (kue1 taeq7), 搿墶搿垯 (geq8 taeq7)那裡那里 (la4 li), 那塊子那块子
11who (shéi, shúi)誰個谁个 (sui2 go4)哪個哪个 (la3 go4)邊個边个 (bin1 go3), 乜誰乜谁 (mat1 seoi4-2)麼人么人 (má-ngìn), 何人 (hò-ngìn), 麼儕么侪 (má-sà)啥人 (siáⁿ-lâng), (siáng)*底儂底侬 (diē→dié-nè̤ng, dē̤→dé̤-nè̤ng)啥人 (sa5 gnin6)啥人 (sa5 gnin6)哪個哪个, 何至個何至个 (o2 zhr4 go4)*
12what什麼什么 (shénme), 哪個哪个 (nǎge)*啥子 (sa4 zi3)什麼什么 (shen2 mo3) (mat1), 乜嘢 (mat1 je5), (me1)麼个 (má-ke)啥物 (siáⁿ-mih), 甚麼甚么 (sīm-mi̍h), 佗一個佗一个, 叨一個叨一个 (tó-chi̍t-ê)*什乇 (sié-nó̤h, siéh-nó̤h) (sa5), 啥物事 (sa5 meq8 zy6) (sa5), 啥個啥个 (sa5 keq7), 啥物事 (sa5 meq8 sy6)麼子么子 (mo3 zr), 麼傢伙么家伙
13where哪裡哪里 (nǎli), 哪兒哪儿 (nǎr)*那跟前 (na3 gen1 qian2), 哪下兒哪下儿 (na3 har2)哪裏哪里 (la3 li3), 哪塊哪块 (la3 kuä4)邊度边度 (bin1 dou6), (bin1) ()佗位, 叨位 (tó-ūi)底所 (diē-nē̤, dē̤-nē̤)啥地方 (sa5 di6 faon1), 嚡裏嚡里 (gha6 li6), 嚡裏墶嚡里垯 (gha6 li6 taq7)啥場化啥场化 (sa5 zan2 ho5), 哪墶哪垯 (no6/lo6 taeq7)哪裏哪里 (la3 li), 哪塊子哪块子 (la3 kuai3 zr), 何至 (o2 zhr4)*
14when什麼時候什么时候 (shénmē shíhòu)哪陣哪阵 (na3 zen4)多咱 (do1 zang3), 什麼時候什么时候 (shen2 mo3 shr2 hou4), 幾時几时 (ji1 shr2)幾時几时 (gei2 si4)哪時哪时 (nâ-sṳ̀)甚麼時陣甚么时阵 (sīm-mi̍h-sî-chūn)*, 當時当时 (tang-sî)什乇辰候啥辰光 (sa5 zen6 kuaon1), 幾時几时 (ci5 zy6)啥辰光 (sa5 zen2 kuaon5)麼子時候么子时候 (mo3 zr shr2 hou)
15how如何 (rúhé)*, 怎麼怎么 (zěnme)*, 怎樣怎样 (zěnyàng)*啷個啷个 (nang3 go4)怎麼怎么 (zen3 mo3)點樣点样 (dim2 joeng2), (dim2)仰般 (ngióng-pân)如何 (jû-hô)*, 按怎 (án-chóaⁿ)*, 怎樣怎样 (chóanⁿ-iūⁿ)* (ciōng)哪能 (na6 nen6)捺亨 (8naeq-han1), 納哼纳哼 (naeq8 han1), (nan6)何是
16not ()*, (bié)*, (méi)* (bu2) (bu5) (m4), (mou5) () (put)*, ()*, , 𣍐𫧃 ()*, , , 勿愛勿爱 (mài)*, () (îng), 伓是 (îng-sê) (veq8) (feq7) (bu6)
17all全部 (quánbù)*, (zhěng)*, 所有 (suǒyǒu)*, (dōu)*, 一共 (yīgòng)*全部 (quan2 bu4)全部 (cüän2 bu4)全部 (cyun4 bou6), (dou1), 冚唪唥 (ham6 baang6 laang6)所有 (só-yû)全部 (chôan-pō͘), , (kui), 所有 (só͘-ū)*, (lóng)*, 攏總拢总 (lóng-chóng)*全部 (ciòng-buô), 所有 (sū-iū), 一切全部 (zhi6 bu6), (ze6)一搨括子一拓括子 (iq7 thaeq7 kuaeq7 tsy3), 全部 (zi2 bu6), (ze2) (dou1), (han2)
18many (duō) (do1) (do1) (do1) (), 多支 (chōe) (cá̤)交關交关 (ciau1 kue1), (tu1)交關交关 (ciau1 kue1), (tou1) (do1)
19some一些 (yīxiē), 幾個几个 (jǐge) (xi1)幾個几个 (ji1 go4) (di1) (têu)一寡 (chi̍t-kóa), 幾若個几若个 (kúi-nā-ê)仂囝 (nék→ník-giāng)一點一点 (iq7 ti5)一點一点 (iq7 tie3), 一星 (iq7 sin1)一些
20few (shǎo) (sao4) (shao3) (siu2) (séu) (chió) (ciēu) (sau5) (sau3)
21other其他 (qítā), 別的别的 (biéde)]旁的 (pang2 di5), 別的别的 (bie5 di5)其他 (kei4 taa1), 第二啲 (dai6 ji6 di1), 第啲 (dai6 di1)其他 (khì-thâ)其他 (kî-thaⁿ), 別的别的 (pa̍t-ê)其他 (gì-tă)其他 (ji6 tha1), 別個别个 (biq8 gheq8)其他 (ji2 tha1), 別個别个 (beq8 keq7)別的别的
22one () (yi2) (i5) (jat1) (yit) (it, chi̍t) (siŏh), (ék) (iq7) (iq7) (i6)
23two (èr)*, (liǎng)* (er4), (niang3) (er4) (ji6), (loeng5) (ngi), (lióng) (nn̄g), () (lâng), () (lian6), (gni6) (lian6), (gni6) (e5), (lian3)
24three (sān) (san1) (sang1) (saam1) (sâm) (saⁿ) (săng) (se1) (se1) (san1)
25four () (si4) (sy4) (sei3) (si) () () (sy5) (sy5) (sr4)
26five () (wu3) (u3) (ng5) (ńg) (ngō) (ngô) (ng6) (ng6) (u3)
27big () (da4) (da4) (daai6) (thai) (tōa) (duâi) (du6) (dou6)
28long (cháng) (cang2) (chang2) (coeng4) (chhòng) (tn̂g) (dòng) (zan6) (zan6) (zhan2)
29wide (kuān) (kuan1) (kuang1) (fut3) (khôn) (khoah) (kuăng) (khuoe1), (khueq7) (khueq7)
30thick (hòu) (hou4) (hou4) (hau5) (heu) (kāu) (gâu) (gheu6) (gheu6)
31heavy (zhòng) (zong4) (zhong4) (cung5) (chûng) (tāng) (dâe̤ng) (zon6) (zon2)
32small (xiǎo) (xiao3) (siao3) (sai3) (séu) (sòe) (nâung) (shiau5) (siau3), (siau3)
33short (duǎn) (duan3) (duang3) (dyun2) (tón) () (dōi) (toe5)*, (a5)* (toe3)*, (a3)* (donn3)
34narrow (zhǎi) (ze2) (zä5) (zaak3) (chak) (o̍eh) (cáh) (ghaq8) (ghaq8)
35thin (báo) (bo2) (bo5), 𣻏 (xao1) (bok6) (pho̍k), (chheu) (po̍h) (bŏk) (boq8) (boq8)
36woman女人 (nǚrén)女的 (nyü3 ni1), 女人 (nyü3 ren2), 女人家 (nyü3 ren2 jia1)女的 (lü3 di5), 女人 (lü3 ren2)女人 (neoi5 jan4-2)細妹人细妹人 (se-moi-ngìn), 妹仔人 (moi-é-ngìn), (ńg), 婦女妇女 (fu-ńg)女人 (lú-jîn)*, 查某 (cha-bó͘)*女界 (nṳ̄-gái)女人 (gniu6 gnin6)女人 (gniu6 gnin2)女人, 女的 (nyy3 di)
37man (adult male)男人 (nánrén)男的 (nan2 ni1), 男人 (nan2 ren2), 男人家 (nan2 ren2 jia1)男的 (lang2 di5), 男人 (lang2 ren2)男人 (naam4 jan4-2)細倈人细俫人 (se-lai-ngìn), 男仔人 (nàm-é-ngìn), (nàm), 男子 (nàm-chṳ́)男人 (lâm-jîn)*, 查埔 (cha-po͘)*男界 (nàng-gái)男人 (noe6 gnin6)男人 (noe2 gnin2)男人, 男的
38man (human being) (rén) (ren2) (ren2) (jan4) (ngìn), (lâng) (nè̤ng) (gnin6) (gnin2) (ren2)
39child孩子 (háizi), 兒童儿童 (értóng), 小孩 (xiǎohái)小娃兒小娃儿 (xiao3 wa2 er2-1)小娃兒小娃儿 (siao3 ua1 er2)細路细路 (sai3 lou6), 細路仔细路仔 (sai3 lou6 zai2)細人仔细人仔 (se-ngìn-é)囝仔, 囡仔 (gín-á)*, 兒童儿童 (jî-tông)*伲囝 (niê-giāng)小人 (shiau5 gnin6), 小囡 (shiau5 noe6)小干兒 (siau3 koe1 ng6), 小囡 (siau3 noe1)細伢人细伢人, 細人子细人子 (si4 ren2 zr)
40wife妻子 (qīzi), 老婆 (lǎopó)*女的 (nyü3 ni1), 女人 (nyü3 ren2), 婆娘 (po2 nyiang1)家裏家里 (ja1 li3), 老婆 (lao3 po2), 內人内人 (luei4 ren2)老婆 (lou5 po4)餔娘𫗦娘 (bû-ngiòng), 太太 (thai-thai) (bó͘)老媽老妈 (lâu-mā)老婆 (lau6 bu6), 家主婆 (ka1 tsy5 bu6), 妻子 (chi1 tsy5)*家小 (ka1 siau3), 家主婆 (ka1 tsyu3 bu2)堂客 (dan2 ke6)
41husband丈夫 (zhàngfu), 老公 (lǎogōng)*男的 (nan2 ni1), 男人 (nan2 ren2)當家的当家的 (dang1 ja1 di5), 男人 (lang2 ren2), 丈夫 (zhang4 fu1)老公 (lou5 gung1)丈夫 (chhông-fû), 老公 (ló-kûng) (ang)唐餔唐𫗦 (dòng-buŏ)老公 (lau6 kon1), 丈夫 (zan6 fu1)*男人 (noe2 gnin2)*, 男客 (noe2 khaq7)*, 家公 (ka1 kon1)*男人, 老倌
42mother母親母亲 (mǔqīn), 媽媽妈妈 (māma)*媽媽妈妈 (ma1 ma1), (ma1) (ma1)阿媽阿妈 (aa3 maa1), 老母 (lou5 mou5-2)*阿姆 (â-mê)母親母亲 (bú-chhin)*, 老母 (lāu-bú), 媽媽妈妈 (ma-ma), 阿母 (a-bú)娘奶 (nòng-nā̤)媽媽妈妈 (ma1 ma1), 姆媽姆妈 (m1 ma1), (gnian6)*, 母親母亲 (mu1 chin1)*媽媽妈妈 (ma1 ma1), 姆媽姆妈 (m1 ma1), (gnian2)*, 母親母亲 (mo1 tshin1)*媽媽妈妈 (ma1 ma), 姆媽姆妈 (m1 ma1), (nyian2)*
43father父親父亲 (fùqīn)*, 爸爸 (bàba)*爸爸 (ba2 ba2-1), 老漢兒老汉儿 (nao3 hanr2) (die1)阿爸 (aa3 baa4), 老豆 (lou5 dau6)*阿爸 (â-pâ)父親父亲 (hū-chhin)*, 老爸 (lāu-pē), 爸爸 (pa-pa), 阿爸 (a-pa)郎爸爸爸 (pa1 pa1), (tia1), (ya6)*, 父親父亲 (vu6 chin1)*爸爸 (pa1 pa1), 爹爹 (tia1 tia1), (ya2)*, 父親父亲 (vu6 tshin1)*爹爹, 爺爺爷爷, 爺老倌爷老倌 (ia2 lau3 gonn1)*, 爺老子爷老子 (ia2 lau3 zr)*
44animal動物动物 (dòngwù)動物动物 (dong4 wu2)動物动物 (dong4 u5)動物动物 (dung6 mat6)動物动物 (thung-vu̍t)動物动物 (tōng-bu̍t)動物动物 (dông-ŭk)動物动物 (don6 veq8)動物动物 (don6 veq8)動物动物
45fish () (yu2), 擺尾子摆尾子 (bai3 wei3 zi3-2) (ü2) (jyu4-2)魚仔鱼仔 (ǹg-é) () (ngṳ̀) (ng6) (ng6) (y2)
46bird (niǎo)雀雀 (qüo2 qüo2-1) (liao3) (zoek3-2), 雀仔 (zoek3 zai2)鳥仔鸟仔 (tiâu-é) (chiáu), 鳥仔鸟仔 (chiáu-á)鳥囝鸟囝 (gniau5/tiau5 (obsolete)) (tiau3)
47dog (gǒu) (gou3) (gou3) (gau2)狗仔 (kiéu-é) (káu), 狗仔 (káu-á)犬囝 (kēng-giāng) (keu5) (keu3) (gou3)
48louse (shī)蝨子虱子 (se2 zi3)蝨子虱子 (sä5 zy3) (sat1) (set) (sat), 虱母 (sat-bú)蝨母虱母 (sáik-mō̤)老白蝨老白虱 (lau6 baq8 seq7)白蝨白虱 (baq8 seq7)虱婆
49snake (shé) (se2)蛇兒蛇儿 (she2 er2) (se4) () (chôa)老蛇 (lâu-siè) (zo6) (zo2)
50worm (chóng)*, 蠕蟲蠕虫 (rúchóng)*, 蚯蚓 (qiūyǐn)* (cong2) (chong2) (cung4)蟲仔虫仔 (chhùng-é), 昆蟲昆虫 (khûn-chhùng) (thâng), 土蚓 (tō͘-ún/tō͘-kún)*蟲囝虫囝 (tè̤ng-giāng) (zon6) (zon2) (zhong2)
51tree (shù)樹子树子 (su4 zi3) (shu4) (syu6) (su) (chhiū), 樹仔树仔 (chhiū-á) (chéu) (zy6) (zyu6)
52forest森林 (sēnlín)樹林子树林子 (su4 nin2 zi3)樹林子树林子 (shu4 lin2 zy3)森林 (sam1 lam4)森林 (sêm-lìm)森林 (sim-lîm), 樹林树林 (chhiū-nâ)森林 (sĕng-lìng)森林 (sen1 lin6)森林 (sen1 lin2)樹林树林
53stick樹枝树枝 (shùzhī)*, 枝條枝条 (zhītiáo)*, 枝子 (zhīzi)*樹枝枝树枝枝 (su4 zi1 zi1)樹枝树枝 (shu4 zhr1)樹枝树枝 (syu6 zi1)*, (gwan3)樹椏树桠 (su-â)樹枝树枝 (chhiū-ki)*, 枝仔 (ki-á)*樹椏树桠棒頭棒头 (baon6 deu6)棒頭棒头 (baon6 deu2)樹椏子树桠子
54fruit水果 (shǔiguǒ)水果 (sui3 go3)水果 (shuei3 go3)生果 (saang1 gwo2)果子 (kó-chṳ́)水果 (chúi-kó), 果子 (kóe-chí)果實果实水果 (sy5 ku5)水果 (syu3 kou3)水果 (xyei3 go3)
55seed種子种子 (zhǒngzi)]種子种子 (zhong3 zy3)種子种子 (zung2 zi2) (chúng)種子种子 (chéng-chí)子子 (cī-*cī) (tsy5), 種子种子 (tson5 tsy5) (tsy3), 種子种子 (tson3 tsy3)]
56leaf (), 葉子叶子 (yèzi)樹子葉葉树子叶叶 (su4 zi3 ye2 ye2-1)樹葉兒树叶儿 (shu4 ie5 er2) (jip6)葉仔叶仔 (ya̍p-é) (hio̍h), 葉仔叶仔 (hio̍h-á)箬箬 (niŏh-niŏh)葉子叶子 (yiq8 tsy5)葉子叶子 (yiq8 tsy3)樹葉子树叶子 (xy5 ye6 zr)
57root (gēn)根根 (gen1 gen1)樹根树根 (shu4 gen1) (gan1) (kîn) (kun)根根 (ken1) (ken1)樹根树根
58bark (of a tree)樹皮树皮 (shùpí)樹皮树皮 (su4 pi2)樹皮树皮 (shu4 pi2)樹皮树皮 (syu6 pei4)樹皮树皮 (su-phì)樹皮树皮 (chhiū-phê)樹皮树皮樹皮树皮 (zy6 bi6)樹皮树皮 (zyu6 bi2)樹皮树皮
59flower (huā)花花兒花花儿 (hua1 huar1) (hua1) (faa1) () (hoe) (huă) (ho1) (ho1) (fa1)
60grass (cǎo) (cao3) (cao3) (cou2) (chhó) (chháu) (chāu) (tshau5) (tshau3) (cau3)
61rope (shéng), 繩子绳子 (shéngzi)索索 (so2 so2)繩子绳子 (shen2 zy3) (sing4-2)索仔 (sok-é) (soh), 索仔 (soh-á) (só̤h)繩子绳子 (zen6 tsy5) (zen2)繩子绳子, 索子 (so6 zr)
62skin (), 皮膚皮肤 (pífū)皮皮 (pi2 pi2-1)皮膚皮肤 (pi2 fu1) (pei4)皮膚皮肤 (phì-fû) (phê), 皮膚皮肤 (phê-hu)皮膚皮肤 (puòi-hŭ)皮膚皮肤 (bi6 fu1)皮膚皮肤 (bi2 fu1)皮膚皮肤
63meat (ròu) (rou4) (rou4) (juk6) (ngiuk) (bah) (nṳ̆k) (gnioq8) (gnioq8) (rou6)
64blood (xiě, xuè, xuě), 血液 (xiěyè, xuèyè, xuěyè) (xue2) (xüe5) (hyut3) (hiet) (huih), 血液 (hiat-e̍k) (háik) (shiuq7/shioq7) (shiuq7) (xie6)
65bone (), 骨頭骨头 (gǔtóu)骨頭骨头 (gu2 tou2-1)骨頭骨头 (gu5 tou2) (gwat1) (kut), 骨頭骨头 (kut-thèu) (kut), 骨頭骨头 (kut-thâu)骨骨 (gáuk-gáuk)骨頭骨头 (kueq7 deu6)骨頭骨头 (kueq7 deu2)骨頭骨头 (gu6 tou)
66fat (noun)脂肪 (zhīfáng)]脂肪 (zhr1 fang1)脂肪 (zi1 fong1)脂肪 (chṳ̂-fòng)脂肪 (chi-hông)*, 膩瓤腻瓤 (jī-nn̂g)*脂肪 (ciĕ-huòng)脂肪 (tsy1 faon1)脂肪 (tsy1 faon5)]
67egg (dàn), 鷄蛋鸡蛋 (jīdàn)* (dan4) (dang4) (daan6-2) (lón) (nn̄g), 雞卵鸡卵 (koe-nn̄g)* (lâung) (de6) (de6) (dan5)
68horn (jiǎo) (juo2) (go5) (gok3) (kok) (kak)角角 (gáe̤k-gáe̤k) (koq7) (koq7)
69tail (wěi), 尾巴 (wěibā)尾巴兒尾巴儿 (wei3 bar1)尾巴 (uei3 ba1) (mei5) () (), 尾溜 (bé-liu)尾尾 (muōi-muōi)尾巴 (gni6/mi6 po5)尾巴 (gni6 po1)尾巴 (uei3 ba1)
70feather羽毛 (yǔmáo)]羽毛 (ü3 mao2)羽毛 (jyu5 mou4)羽毛 (yí-mô)鳥毛鸟毛 (chiáu-mn̂g)羽毛 (ṳ̄-mò̤)羽毛 (yu6 mau6)羽毛 (iu1 mau2)羽毛 (y3 mau2)
71hair頭髮头发 (tóufa)頭髮头发 (tou2 fa2-1)頭髮头发 (tou2 fa5)頭髮头发 (tau4 faat3)*, (mou4)頭那毛头那毛 (theù-nà-mô)*頭毛头毛 (thâu-mn̄g)頭髮头发 (tàu-huók)頭髮头发 (deu6 faq7)*, (mau6)*頭髮头发 (deu2 faeq7)*, (mau2)*頭髮头发 (tou2 fa6)
72head (tóu)腦殼脑壳 (nao3 ko2)頭兒头儿 (tou2 er2) (tau4)頭那头那 (theù-nà) (thâu)*, 頭殼头壳 (thâu-khak) (tàu) (deu6) (deu2)腦殼脑壳 (lau3 ko6)
73ear耳朵 (ěrduo)耳朵 (er3 do1)耳朵 (er3 do3)耳仔 (ji5 zai2), (ji5)耳公 (ngí-kûng) (hīⁿ), 耳仔 (hīⁿ-á), 耳孔 (hīⁿ-khang) (ngê)耳朵 (gni6 tu5)耳朵 (gni6 tou3)耳朵 (e3 do)
74eye眼睛 (yǎnjing)眼睛 (yan3 jin1)眼睛 (iän3 zin1) (ngaan5)目珠 (muk-chû)目睭 (ba̍k-chiu)目睭 (mĕk-ciŭ)眼睛 (nge6 cin1)眼睛 (nge2 tsin1)眼睛
75nose (), 鼻子 (bízi)鼻子 (bi2 zi3)鼻子 (bi5 zy3) (bei6), 鼻哥 (bei6 go1) (phi) (phīⁿ), 鼻仔 (phīⁿ-á) ()鼻頭鼻头 (biq8 deu6)鼻頭鼻头 (beq8 deu6)鼻子 (bi6 zr)
76mouth (zuǐ), 嘴巴 (zuǐba)嘴巴 (zui3 ba1) (zuei3) (zeoi2), (hau2) (choi) (chhùi) (chói)嘴巴 (tsy5 po5) (tsyu3)嘴巴 (zei3 ba)
77tooth牙齒牙齿 (yáchǐ)牙齒牙齿 (ya2 ci3-1) (ia2) (ngaa4) (ngà), 牙齒牙齿 (ngà-chhṳ́)嘴齒嘴齿 (chhùi-khí) (ngāi)牙齒牙齿 (nga6 tshy5)牙子 (nga2 tsy3)牙齒牙齿 (nga2 chr3)
78tongue (organ) (shé), 舌頭舌头 (shétou)舌頭兒舌头儿 (se2 tour2-1)舌頭舌头 (shä5 tou2) (lei6)舌嫲 (sa̍t-mà) (chih), 嘴舌 (chhùi-chih)喙舌 (ché̤ṳ-siĕk)舌頭舌头 (zeq8 deu6)舌頭舌头 (zeq8 deu2)舌子 (she6 zr)
79fingernail指甲 (zhǐjia)指甲兒指甲儿 (zi3 jiar2)指甲 (zhr3 ja5)指甲 (zi2 gaap3)指甲 (chṳ́-kap)指甲 (chéng-kah)掌甲 (ciēng-gák)手指掐 (seu5 tsy5 khaq7)節掐子节掐子 (tsiq7 khaeq7 tsy3)指甲子 (zhr6 ga6 zr)
80foot (jiǎo) (juo2) (jo5) (goek3) (kiok), (kha) (ciaq7) (ciaq7) (jio6)
81leg (tuǐ) (tui3) (tuei3) (goek3), (teoi2)腳髀脚髀 (kiok-pí) (thúi)骹腿 (kă-tōi) (ciaq7), (the5) (phaon3), (ciaq7)腳欛子脚欛子 (jio6 ba4 zr)
82knee (), 膝蓋膝盖 (xīgài)磕膝頭兒磕膝头儿 (ke2 xi2-1 tour2), 膝蓋膝盖 (xi2 gai4)磕膝頭磕膝头 (ko5 ci5 tou2)膝頭膝头 (sat1 tau4), 膝頭哥膝头哥 (sat1 tau4 go1)膝頭膝头 (chhit-theù)腳頭窩脚头窝 (kha-thâu-u)骹屈頭骹屈头腳饅頭脚馒头 (ciaq7 moe6 deu6)膝饅頭膝馒头 (siq7 moe2 deu2), 腳饅頭脚馒头 (ciaq7 moe2 deu2)磕膝骨, 膝頭骨膝头骨 (si6 tou gu)
83hand (shǒu) (sou3) (shou3) (sau2) () (chhiú) (chiū) (seu5) (seu3) (shou3)
84wing ()*, 翅膀 (chìbǎng)翅膀兒翅膀儿 (zi4 bangr3)翅膀 (chr4 bang3) (jik6)翼胛 (yi̍t-kap) (e̍k)*, , (si̍t), 翅仔, 翼仔 (si̍t-á), 翅股, 翼股 (si̍t-kó͘)翼翼 (sĭk-sĭk)翅膀 (tshy1 paon5)翨𦑜 (ci5 kaeq7)翼胛 (ie4 ga)
85belly肚子 (dùzi)肚皮 (du4 pi2), 肚子 (du4 zi3-2)肚子 (du3 zy3) (tou5)肚屎 (tú-sṳ́)腹肚 (pak-tó͘)腹老 (bók-lō̤)肚皮 (du6 bi6)肚皮 (dou6 bi2)肚子, 肚皮
86guts腸子肠子 (chángzi)]腸子肠子 (chang2 zy3) (coeng4-2) (chhòng)腸仔肠仔 (pak-tó͘) (dòng)肚腸肚肠 (du6 zan6)肚腸肚肠 (du6 zan2)腸子肠子 (zhan2 zr)
87neck脖子 (bózi)頸仔颈仔 (jin3 zi3-2), 頸項颈项 (jin3 hang4-2)頸子颈子 (jin3 zy3) (geng2)頸根颈根 (kiáng-kîn)頷頸颔颈 (ām-kún)脰骨 (dâu-gáuk)頭頸头颈 (deu6 cin5)頭頸头颈 (deu2 cin3)頸根颈根 (jin3 gen1)
88back (bèi) (bei4)脊背 (zi5 bei4)背脊 (bui3 zek3)背囊 (poi-nòng)尻脊骿 (kha-chiah-phiaⁿ)骿 (piăng) (pe5) (pe5)背脊 (bei4 zi6)
89breast (xiōng)*, 胸部 (xiōngbù)*, 胸膛 (xiōngtáng)*, 乳房 (rǔfáng)*胸脯 (xiong1 pu3)胸脯 (xong1 pu2)*, 奶兒奶儿 (lä3 er2)* (hung1), 心口 (sam1 hau2)乳菇 (nen-kû) (hiong)*, 胸部 (hiong-pō͘)*, 胸坎 (heng-khám)*, 奶房 (leng-pông)*?? (shion1) (shion1)胸門口胸门口*, 奶子 (lai3 zr)*
90heart心臟心脏 (xīnzàng) (xin1) (sin1) (sam1)心臟心脏 (sîm-chhong)心臟心脏 (sim-chōng)心臟心脏 (sĭng-câung) (shin1) (sin1)圞心𪢮心 (lonn2 sin1)
91liver (gān)*, 肝臟肝脏 (gānzàng) (gan1) (gang1) (gon1), 𬂀 (jeon6-2)肝臟肝脏 (kôn-chhong) (koaⁿ)*, 肝臟肝脏 (koaⁿ-chōng)肝臟肝脏 (găng-câung) (koe1) (koe1)]
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3
1-91 92-146 147-207

See also

Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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