Appendix:Serbo-Croatian Swadesh list/Pučišća dialect

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This is a Swadesh list of words in the Pučišća dialect of Southern Chakavian Serbo-Croatian, compared with that of English.

Presentation

For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

List

No. English Serbo-Croatian (Pučišća dialect)
pučiški
1 I jo
2 you (singular) ti
3 he, she, it uon
4 we mi
5 you (plural) vi
6 they òni
7 this ovi
8 that oti
9 here
10 there
11 who ko
12 what će
13 where di
14 when kada
15 how
16 not ni
17 all
18 many
19 some niki
20 few malo
21 other ostoli
22 one jedon
23 two dvo
24 three tri
25 four četiri
26 five piec
27 big veli
28 long dugački
29 wide široki
30 thick gusti
31 heavy tieški
32 small moli
33 short krótki
34 narrow uski
35 thin tonki
36 woman
37 man (adult male) čovik
38 man (human being) čovik
39 child dite
40 wife
41 husband
42 mother mater
43 father òtac
44 animal zvir
45 fish riba
46 bird tica
47 dog
48 louse ušenok
49 snake guja
50 worm
51 tree drivo
52 forest šumo
53 stick šćop
54 fruit voćje
55 seed sime, simienko
56 leaf list
57 root
58 bark (of a tree) kóro
59 flower cvit
60 grass trôva
61 rope
62 skin kožo
63 meat mieso
64 blood krv
65 bone kuost
66 fat (noun) most
67 egg joje
68 horn róg
69 tail rijep
70 feather pero
71 hair vlose
72 head glova
73 ear ùhò
74 eye òkò
75 nose nuos
76 mouth justa
77 tooth zub
78 tongue (organ) jãzik
79 fingernail nokot
80 foot
81 leg noga
82 knee kòlino
83 hand ruka
84 wing krilo
85 belly
86 guts
87 neck vrot
88 back plećë
89 breast prsa
90 heart srce
91 liver đigerica
92 to drink pit
93 to eat jist
94 to bite grist
95 to suck ćućot
96 to spit pjucot
97 to vomit rigot
98 to blow
99 to breathe
100 to laugh
101 to see vidit
102 to hear
103 to know
104 to think mislit
105 to smell ćutit
106 to fear bòjat se
107 to sleep spat
108 to live živit
109 to die ùmirot
110 to kill
111 to fight
112 to hunt
113 to hit
114 to cut
115 to split rozdilivot, rozparicavot (?)
116 to stab
117 to scratch
118 to dig kòpat, rit
119 to swim plivot
120 to fly
121 to walk jic
122 to come prihodit
123 to lie (as in a bed) leżat
124 to sit sidit
125 to stand
126 to turn (intransitive) skrećot
127 to fall padat
128 to give dôvat
129 to hold držat
130 to squeeze stiskot
131 to rub
132 to wash prat
133 to wipe
134 to pull
135 to push
136 to throw
137 to tie
138 to sew šit
139 to count
140 to say
141 to sing pivot
142 to play igrat
143 to float plutot
144 to flow
145 to freeze
146 to swell
147 sun suńce
148 moon msec
149 star zvizda
150 water vòda
151 rain dož
152 river rika
153 lake jezero
154 sea muore
155 salt suól
156 stone stinja
157 sand salbun
158 dust proh
159 earth zemia
160 cloud
161 fog
162 sky
163 wind vitor
164 snow snig
165 ice
166 smoke dim
167 fire ògonj
168 ash
169 to burn palit
170 road draga
171 mountain góra
172 red crveni
173 green zeleni
174 yellow žuti
175 white bili
176 black crni
177 night noć
178 day doń
179 year
180 warm tepli
181 cold studeni
182 full
183 new novi
184 old stôri
185 good dobri
186 bad złi
187 rotten zgniti
188 dirty
189 straight
190 round òkrugli
191 sharp (as a knife) òstri
192 dull (as a knife) tupi
193 smooth glôdki, róvni
194 wet mòkri
195 dry suhi
196 correct
197 near
198 far daleki
199 right desni
200 left livi
201 at kol
202 in u
203 with sa
204 and i
205 if
206 because
207 name
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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