se

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "se"

Translingual

Symbol

se

  1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Northern Sami.

English

Etymology

From Mandarin 瑟 (sè).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /sɛ/
  • Audio (US)(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛ

Noun

se (plural ses)

  1. (music) A type of ancient Chinese plucked zither.

Translations

See se/translations § Noun.

Anagrams

Abinomn

Noun

se

  1. cloud

Afrikaans

Alternative forms

  • s'n (used without a following noun)
  • syn (obsolete)

Etymology

From Dutch zijn, z'n (“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s as well as, perhaps, the adjective suffix -s, -sch.

Pronunciation

Particle

se

  1. follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
    Hierdie is my ouma se huis. — This is my grandmother’s house.

See also

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kʷe-, *kʷ(e)i- (“how, what”). Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

se

  1. that, as, when
    Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj. — It seems to me that you need some new friends.
    Im vëlla më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri. — My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.

Related terms

Bavarian

Alternative forms

  • 's (unstressed form)

Etymology

Cognate with German sie.

Pronoun

se

  1. she, her (accusative)
  2. they, them

Synonyms

See also

Bavarian personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative
stressed unstressed stressed unstressed stressed unstressed
1st person singular i — mi — mia (mir) ma
2nd person singular
(informal) 		du — di — dia (dir) da
2nd person singular
(formal) 		Sie — Eahna — Eahna —
3rd person singular m er a eahm 'n eahm 'n
n es, des 's des 's
f se, de 's se 's ihr —
1st person plural mia (mir) ma uns — uns —
2nd person plural eß, ihr — enk, eich — enk, eich —
3rd person plural se 's eahna — eahna —

Bonan

Etymology

From Proto-Mongolic *usun.

Pronunciation

Noun

se

  1. water

References

  • Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu), Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan, SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS (Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA), November 1994
  • Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os

Breton

Pronoun

se

  1. that, this
    Petra eo se? — What's that?

Catalan

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')

  1. himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
  2. oneself (direct or indirect object)
  3. themselves (direct or indirect object)
  4. each other (direct or indirect object)

Usage notes

  • -se is the full (plena) form of the pronoun. It is normally used after verbs ending with a consonant or ⟨u⟩, or between some adverbs/pronouns and a verb. In some varieties of Catalan (Balearic/Valencian) it can also occur in sentence-initial position.
  • The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.

Declension

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person. 		3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Central Huasteca Nahuatl

Pronunciation

Numeral

se

  1. one (number).

Central Nahuatl

Numeral

se

  1. one.

Cimbrian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle High German si(e) (“they”), merged from Old High German sie m pl, sio f pl, siu n pl, from Proto-Germanic *īz m, *ijôz f, *ijō n, the nominative plural forms of *iz. Cognate with German sie, Dutch zij.

Pronoun

se

  1. (Luserna) they

Inflection

Personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person i biar
2nd person du iar
3rd person er, si, 'z se

References

Coatepec Nahuatl

Numeral

se

  1. one.

Czech

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old Czech sě, from Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

Pronoun

se (reflexive)

  1. clitic accusative of sebe:
    oneself
    myself
    yourself
    himself
    herself
    itself
    ourselves
    yourselves
    themselves
    Synonym: (stressed) sebe
Related terms
Czech personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person já my
2nd person familiar ty vy
polite vy
3rd person m on oni*
f ona ony
n ono ona
reflexive sebe, se (clitic)
* animate referents only, for inanimate ones ony is used.

Etymology 2

Preposition

se (also s)

  1. with

Further reading

  • se in Příruční slovník jazyka českého, 1935–1957
  • se in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého, 1960–1971, 1989
  • se in Internetová jazyková příručka

Dalmatian

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronoun

se

  1. (reflexive) oneself

Danish

Etymology

From Old Danish se, from Old Norse (East) *sēa, (Old Norse (West) sjá), from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, cognate with English see, German sehen, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).

Pronunciation

Verb

se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, perfect tense har set)

  1. to see
  2. (reciprocal passive) to see each other

Conjugation

Inflection of se
present past
simple ser så
perfect har set havde set
passive ses sås
participle seende set
imperative se —
infinitive se —
auxiliary verb have —
gerund seen —

reciprocal

Inflection of se
present past
simple ses sås
perfect har sets or setes havde sets or setes
passive — —
participle - sets or setes
imperative - —
infinitive ses —
auxiliary verb have —
gerund — —

Dimasa

Numeral

sé

  1. one

Esperanto

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian se, influenced by French si and Latin sī.

Pronunciation

Conjunction

se

  1. if

Ewe

Pronunciation

Noun

se (plural sewo)

  1. law

Fala

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē.

Pronoun

se

  1. Used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent; one
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:
      Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.
      We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned .
  2. Reflexive and reciprocal pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:
      Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.
      They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.

Usage notes

  • Takes the form -si when suffixed to an impersonal verb form.

See also

Fala personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular ei me, -mi mi
plural common nos musL
nusLV
nos, -nusM 		nos
masculine noshotrusM noshotrusM
feminine noshotrasM noshotrasM
second person singular tú te, -ti ti
plural common vos vusLV
vos, -vusM 		vos
masculine voshotrusM voshotrusM
feminine voshotrasM voshotrasM
third person singular masculine el le, -li uLV, oM el
feminine ela a ela
plural masculine elis usLV, osM elis
feminine elas as elas
reflexive — se, -si sí

References

  • Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎, 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN

Faroese

Pronunciation

Noun

se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter C.

Declension

Declension of se
n4 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative se seið se seini
accusative se seið se seini
dative se, sei senum seum seunum
genitive ses sesins sea seanna

Fijian

Conjunction

se

  1. whether, or.

Noun

se

  1. flower
  2. gills

Finnish

Etymology 1

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. For plural forms, see etymology of ne.

The variation in inflectional stems (se-, si-, sii-,) dates back to at least Late Proto-Finnic. The oblique stem si-, seen in most inflected forms, is also found in other Finnic languages, such as the following cognates of the partitive singular sitä: Karelian sitä, Livvi sittäh, Veps sidä, Votic sitä. This is possibly a remnant of the original expected form **si (due to final e > i) which was reversed in some forms, possibly as influence from the plural ne.

The stem sii-, seen in internal locative case forms may have been generalized from the plural forms as a means to distinguish from partitive/essive sitä, sinä; expected internal locative cases **sissä, **sistä may have been avoided as a dissimilation. Compare Veps siš (inessive singular of se).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

se

  1. (demonstrative) that (when the speaker does not point at the thing, either physically or mentally; compare tuo, see usage notes)
    Älä koske siihen!
    Don't touch that! (something located close to the speaker)
    Sitäkö sinä sillä tarkoitit?
    That's what you meant by that?
  2. (demonstrative) it
    Onko se hän, joka on ovella?
    Is it her who's at the door?
    Ota kortti ja pane se pöydälle kuvapuoli alaspäin.
    Take a card and put it on the table face down.
    Kukas se sieltä tulee?
    Who's it coming over there?
  3. the one (who, what, which) (always with a relative clause)
    Se, jolla on eniten pisteitä, on voittaja.
    The one who has the most points is the winner.
    Joka kuritta kasvaa, se kunniatta kuolee.
    who grows up without discipline dies without honor.
  4. (colloquial or dialectal) he, she, one, (singular) they (the pronoun does not determine the sex/gender of the person)
    Se vaan lähti.
    He just left.

Determiner

se

  1. that (not pointed at by the speaker; compare tuo, see usage notes)
    Sen auton pakoputki on rikki.
    That car has a broken exhaust.
    Onko sinulla vielä sitä jäätelöä?
    Do you still have some of that ice cream?
  2. (colloquial) the (as a definite article; see the usage notes below)
Usage notes
  • Both tuo and se can be translated as "that"; see tuo for more information on the difference between the two.
  • In colloquial and dialectal Finnish, se is the usual and neutral personal pronoun in the third person singular, and its standard Finnish counterpart hän is restricted to certain particular uses. Using se of a person carries no negative connotation.
  • Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite, this colloquial usage is ungrammatical. (Compare the usage of yksi.)
    (standard)
    Mies tuli luokseni. ― The man came to me.
    Luokseni tuli mies. ― A man came to me.
    (colloquial)
    Se mies tuli mun luokse. ― The man came to me.
    Yks mies tuli mun luokse. ― A man came to me.
Inflection

Irregular (singular stems: se-, si-, sii-, plural stems: ne-, nii-).

Declension of se
noun case singular pluraladverbial form singular plural
nominative se nesuperessive siellä –
genitive sen niiden, niittendelative sieltä –
partitive sitä niitäsublative sinne –
accusative se, sen nelative siis –
inessive siinä niissätemporal silloin –
elative siitä niistäcausative siten –
illative siihen niihinmultiplicative – –
adessive sillä niillädistributive – –
ablative siltä niiltätemp. dist. – –
allative sille niilleprolative – –
essive sinä niinäsituative – –
translative siksi niiksioppositive – –
abessive – (niittä)
instructive – (niin)
comitative – niine
Synonyms
  • (he or she): hän
  • see (rare, dialectal (Southwestern Finnish))
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Kven: se
See also
Finnish demonstratives
proximal distal neutral
singular tämä tuo se
plural nämä nuo ne
*) See the usage notes at tuo for the difference between se and tuo.

Further reading

  • Tämä, tuo vai se?. Kielikello (4/2001). An article analyzing the usage and differences between the Finnish demonstrative pronouns tämä, tuo and se. (in Finnish)
  • “se”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-03

Etymology 2

Akin to tseh.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈse(ˣ)/,
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Syllabification(key): se

Interjection

se (dialectal)

  1. here you go; an encouragement to take something, usually something that is being handed over.
  2. an encouragement to an animal to eat (food)
Usage notes

Despite being an interjection, some verb-like forms can also be found (sehkää).

Alternative forms

Anagrams

French

Etymology

From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē. See also soi.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

se m or f (pre-vocalic s’)

  1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
    1. (to) himself
    2. (to) herself
    3. (to) oneself
    4. (to) itself
    5. (to) themselves
    6. (to) each other
  2. (Louisiana) The second-person plural reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
    Je suis partie à la chasse et faut vous autres se comportes bien. ― I'm going hunting and y'all need to behave yourselves.

Usage notes

  • Se becomes s’ before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
  • Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:
    Il est normal de se parler. — It is normal to talk to oneself.

Derived terms

Related terms

See Template:French personal pronouns for other pronouns.

See also

  • The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m’, te, t’, nous, vous.
  • The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.

Further reading

Anagrams

Galician

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese se (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin sī.

Conjunction

se

  1. if

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Alternative forms

Pronoun

se

  1. accusative/dative of si
  2. The third-person reflexive pronoun.
    1. (to) himself
    2. (to) herself
    3. (to) oneself
    4. (to) itself
    5. (to) themselves
    6. (to) each other

References

  • “se” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “se” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “se” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

se

  1. husband

German Low German

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /zeː/, /seː/, /zɛɪ/, /sɛɪ/

Pronoun

se

  1. she
    Se is Anke. — She is Anke (Annie).

Pronoun

se

  1. they
    Se kaamt ut Bremen. — They come from Bremen.
    • 1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163:
      Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
      5 gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an.   6 zu ihnen kamen.

See also

Gun

Etymology

From Proto-Gbe *se (“to hear”). Cognates include Fon sè (“to understand, hear, feel”), Saxwe Gbe sè (“to hear”), Adja sè (“to understand, hear, feel, respond”), Ewe se (“to hear”)

Pronunciation

Verb

sè

  1. to hear, to listen
  2. to understand

Derived terms

Haitian Creole

Etymology

From French c’est (“it is”).

Pronunciation

Verb

se

  1. to be
  2. that is (compare French c'est)
  3. it is (compare French c'est)

Usage notes

References

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Conjunction

se (clitic)

  1. Alternative form of sem.

Derived terms

Compound words
Expressions

See also

Further reading

  • (not … either, not even): se in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.
  • ( alternative form of sem): se, redirecting to sem in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh: A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (’The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962.

Ido

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Esperanto se.

Conjunction

se

  1. if
    La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. — The clerk would begin to work if he could.
    Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. — If I could, I would buy another house.

Etymology 2

Noun

se (plural se-i)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.
See also

Ingrian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *se. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

se

  1. this, that (not bound to a specific location)
    • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 63:
      Linnuille höö siihe kagraa siputtiit.
      They sprinkled oats onto it for the birds.
    • 1936, L. G. Terehova, V. G. Erdeli, translated by Mihailov and P. I. Maksimov, Geografia: oppikirja iƶoroin alkușkoulun kolmatta klaassaa vart (ensimäine osa), Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-Pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 7:
      Inmihiset panniit merkille i sen, etti kaik predmetat päivääl, päivytpaiston aikanna, viskajaat kupahaiset.
      People noticed this as well, that all objects during the day, being a sunny time, cast shadows.
  2. (dialectal) that (distal)
    • 2008, “Läkkäämmä omal viisii [We're speaking own way]”, in Inkeri‎, volume 4, number 69, St. Petersburg, page 12:
      Tämä on Logoven kylä, a se ono Reppoilan kylä.
      This is the village Logovi, and that is the village Reppoila.

Determiner

se

  1. this, that (not bound to a specific location)
    • 1936, N. A. Iljin and V. I. Junus, Bukvari iƶoroin șkouluja vart, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 40:
      Peen tulo saatii siint pellost.
      A small income was received from this field.
  2. (dialectal) that (distal)

Usage notes

  • Se and neet are anaphoric: That is to say they refer to something previously mentioned (or soon afterwards mentioned) in the conversation. In contrast, too and noo are deictic, and thus refer to physical entities.
  • Although Junus (1936; p. 99) describes sen as the accusative and senen as the genitive, in practice, sen is often used as a short form of the genitive as well.
  • In the Soikkola dialect, the functions of too (“that”) have merged into se.

Declension

Declension of se
singular plural
nominative se neet
genitive senen niijen
accusative sen neet
partitive sitä niitä
illative siihe niihe
inessive siin niis
elative siint, siitä niist
allative sille niille
adessive sil niil
ablative silt niilt
translative siks niiks
essive senennä niinnä

Derived terms

See also

Ingrian demonstratives
proximal neutral distal
singular tämä (tää) se too
plural nämät (näät) neet noo

References

  • V. I. Junus (1936) Iƶoran Keelen Grammatikka‎, Leningrad: Riikin Ucebno-pedagogiceskoi Izdateljstva, page 99
  • Ruben E. Nirvi (1971) Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 514
  • Olga I. Konkova, Nikita A. Dyachkov (2014) Inkeroin Keel: Пособие по Ижорскому Языку‎, →ISBN, pages 13-14

Interlingua

Pronoun

se (third person)

  1. Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
    Illa se videva in le speculo. ― She saw herself in the mirror.
  2. Reciprocal: each other, one another.
    Quando illes se cognosceva? ― When did they meet (each other)?
  3. Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").
    De mi casa se vide le mar. ― From my house the sea is seen. (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
  4. Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
    espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")

Usage notes

  • (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.
    infiltrar se — “to infiltrate”
    repentir se — “to repent”

Istriot

Etymology

From Latin sī.

Conjunction

se

  1. if
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
      Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere
      Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys

Italian

Etymology 1

From Latin sī (“if”) or from Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī and quid ("what").

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /se/**
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: se

Conjunction

se

  1. if
    Se non è vero, è ben trovato.
    If it is not true, it is a good story.
  2. whether
  3. if only
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Latin sē.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /se/°
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: se

Pronoun

se

  1. Alternative form of si
Usage notes
  • Used when followed by a third-person direct object clitic (lo, la, li, le, or ne).
See also
Italian personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Conjunctive Disjunctive Locative Partitive
Singular first — io mi, m', -mi me me —
second — tu ti, t', -ti te te
third m lui si2, s', -si lo, l', -lo gli, -gli glie, se2 lui, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f lei, Lei1 la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 lei, Lei1, sé
Plural first — noi ci, c', -ci ce noi —
second — voi, Voi4 vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 ve voi, Voi4
third m loro, Loro1 si, s', -si li, Li1, -li, -Li1 gli, -gli, loro (formal),
Loro1 		glie, se loro, Loro1, sé ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n'
f le, Le1, -le, -Le1
1 Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead.
2 Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
3 Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language.
4 Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous).

Etymology 3

From Latin sīc.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /se/*
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: se

Adverb

se

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of così

Conjunction

se

  1. (archaic) Alternative form of così: if (only); even if
    se Dio ti lasci, lettor, prender frutto / di tua lezione ― even if God leaves you, reader, take fruit of your lesson (Dante)
Usage notes
  • Used to express a conditional with the implicit hope on the part of the speaker that something does or does not happen. Always followed by the subjunctive.

References

  1. ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951
  2. ^ se2 in Treccani.it – Vocabolario Treccani on line, Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana

Further reading

Jamaican Creole

Etymology

Derived from English say.

Pronunciation

Verb

se

  1. to say, to tell
    • 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 3:7:
      Bot wen im si uol iip a piipl fram di Farisii an Sadyusii gruup a kom fi im baptaiz dem, im se tu dem se, “Unu siniek pikni unu! A uu waan unu fi ron we fram di jojment we a kom?
      But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to his baptism, he said to them, "You brood of vipers! Who warned you to flee from the wrath to come?

Pronoun

se

  1. (relative) that (which, who; representing a subject, direct object, indirect object, or object of a preposition)
    • 2012, Di Jamiekan Nyuu Testiment, Edinburgh: DJB, published 2012, →ISBN, Matyu 2:22:
      Bot wen im ier se a Erad pikni, Arkelos, tek uova an did a ruul Judiya, im kech im fried an neehn waahn go de-so. An kaa Gad did waan im aaf iina wan jriim, im lef go Gyalalii insted.
      But when he heard that Archelaus was reigning over Judea in place of his father Herod, he was afraid to go there, and being warned in a dream he withdrew to the district of Galilee.
      (literally, “But when he heard that Herod's child Archelaus took over and was ruling Judea  )”)

Further reading

  • se at majstro.com

Japanese

Romanization

se

  1. Rōmaji transcription of せ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of セ

Kalasha

Etymology

From Sanskrit स (sa), सा (sā), from Proto-Indo-European *só.

Pronoun

se

  1. he/she/it (absent from speaker) (3rd-person personal pronoun)

Coordinate terms

See also

Kalasha personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person a / آ ábi / آبی
2nd person tu / تُو ábi / آبی
3rd person (near) ía / اِیا émi / ایمی
3rd person (far) ása / آسا éḷi / ایࣇی
3rd person (absent) se / سے te / تے

Karelian

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsʲe/
  • Hyphenation: se

Determiner

se

  1. (South Karelian) Alternative form of še

Pronoun

se

  1. (South Karelian) Alternative form of še

References

  • A. V. Punzhina (1994) “se”, in Словарь карельского языка (тверские говоры) [Dictionary of the Karelian language (Tver dialects)], →ISBN

Kven

Etymology

From Finnish se, from Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe.

Pronunciation

Determiner

se

  1. this, that

Pronoun

se

  1. this, that
  2. he, she, it

Declension

Declension of se
singular plural
nominative se net
genitive sen niitten, niinen
partitive sitä niitä
illative siihen niihin
inessive siinä niissä
elative siitä, siittä niistä
allative sille, sillet niile, niilet
adessive sillä niilä
ablative siltä niiltä
translative sinä niinä
essive siksi niiksi

Synonyms

See also

Kven demonstratives
proximal neutral distal
singular tämä se tuo
plural nämät net nuot
Kven personal pronouns
first second third anim third anim or inan
singular mie sie hän se
plural met tet het net

References

  • Eira Söderholm (2017) Kvensk grammatikk, Tromsø: Cappelen Damm Akademisk, →ISBN, page 278

Ladin

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronoun

se

  1. (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
  2. (reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.

Lashi

Pronunciation

Verb

se

  1. to know
  2. to be able to

References

  • Hkaw Luk (2017) A grammatical sketch of Lacid‎, Chiang Mai: Payap University (master thesis)

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

Pronunciation

Pronoun

sē (accusative and ablative, no nominative)

  1. (reflexive) the accusative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves
    Vōcālis est littera quae per sē syllabam facere potest. ― A vowel is a letter that can form a syllable by itself.
    Quīntus quōmodo sē habet hodiē? ― How's Quintus doing today? (literally, “is holding himself”)
    In mare sē praecipitāvit. ― He drowned himself in the ocean.
  2. (reflexive) the ablative of the third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun

Usage notes

  • sēsē is very common as the emphatic form of the accusative pronoun, especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause.

Declension

Latin personal pronouns together with the possessive and reflexive pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Possessive
Singular First — ego meī mihi mē meus, -a, -um
Second — tū tuī tibi tē tuus, -a, -um
Reflexive third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine is ēius eī eum eō ēius
Feminine ea eam eā
Neuter id id eō
Plural First — nōs nostrī, nostrum nōbīs nōs nōbīs noster, -tra,
-trum
Second — vōs vestrī, vestrum vōbīs vōs vōbīs vester, -tra,
-trum
Reflexive third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine eī, iī eōrum eīs eōs eīs eōrum
Feminine eae eārum eās eārum
Neuter ea eōrum ea eōrum

Derived terms

Descendants

Ligurian

Etymology

From Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī (“if”) + quid (“what”).

Pronunciation

Conjunction

se

  1. if

Livonian

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

Pronoun

se

  1. that
  2. he

Declension

Declension of se (4)
singular (ikšlug) plural (pǟgiņlug)
nominative (nominatīv) se ne
genitive (genitīv) sīe nänt
partitive (partitīv) siedā nēḑi
dative (datīv) sīen näntõn
instrumental (instrumentāl) sīekõks näntkõks
illative (illatīv) sīezõ nēži
inessive (inesīv) sīesõ nēši
elative (elatīv) sīestõ nēšti

Lower Sorbian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

se

  1. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
  2. each other, one another
  3. used to form passives

Derived terms

References

  • Starosta, Manfred (1999) “se”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Luxembourgish

Pronunciation

Pronoun

se

  1. unstressed form of si

Declension

See Template:lb-decl-personal pronouns for declension.

Malay

Malay cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : se

Alternative forms

Etymology

Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa.

Pronunciation

Numeral

se (Jawi spelling س)

  1. one

Synonyms

Derived terms

Maltese

Root
s-j-r (going)
2 terms

Alternative forms

Etymology

Sometimes thought to have been inherited from Arabic سَ (sa), from سَوْفَ (sawfa). However, it is more likely that the similarity is entirely coincidental and that Maltese se(r) is merely a shortened form of sejjer.

Pronunciation

Particle

se

  1. Indicates a future tense.

Mandarin

Romanization

se

  1. Nonstandard spelling of sè.

Usage notes

  • Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

Middle Dutch

Pronoun

se

  1. accusative of si (“they”)

Middle English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (“so”). More at so.

Adverb

se

  1. so

Etymology 2

Noun

se

  1. Alternative form of see (“sea”)

Etymology 3

Noun

se

  1. Alternative form of see (“see”)

Etymology 4

Pronoun

se

  1. Alternative form of sche

Middle French

Etymology

From Old French se, from Latin sē.

Pronoun

se

  1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
    1. himself
    2. herself
    3. oneself
    4. itself
    5. themselves
    6. each other
  2. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
    1. to himself
    2. to herself
    3. to oneself
    4. to itself
    5. to themselves
    6. to each other
      ils se donnerent bataille ― they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)

Usage notes

  • Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
  • Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.

Descendants

  • French: se

Middle Low German

Alternative forms

Etymology

Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

sê

  1. (third person singular female nominative) she
  2. her (accusative of sê)
  3. (third person plural nominative) they
  4. them (accusative of sê)

Declension

See Template:gml-perpron for declension.

Descendants

  • Dutch Low Saxon: zee
  • German Low German: se
  • Plautdietsch: see

Mpade

Etymology

From Proto-Central Chadic *sa, from Proto-Chadic *sa. Cognate with Matal sa (“to drink”).

Verb

se

  1. to drink

References

Neapolitan

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

se

  1. reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.

References

  • AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz – map 80: “si chiama” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it

Nheengatu

Etymology

From Old Tupi xe. Cognate with Guaraní che.

Pronunciation

This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.
  • Hyphenation: se
  • Rhymes: -e

Pronoun

se

  1. (second-class) first-person singular personal pronoun (I, me, my)
    Se akanhemu aikú nhaãsé se kirá aikú.
    I am scared because I am fat.
    Aé uputari upitá se irũmu.
    He wants to stay with me.
    Se manha uwiké uka pisasú upé.
    My mother enters the new house.

Usage notes

  • As a second-class pronoun, se is used as the subject of a sentence when its verb is a second-class one (those verbs are sometimes referred to as adjectives). The personal pronoun se is also used when governed by any postposition with the exception of arama and supé. Finally, se is used as a possessive pronoun as well.

See also

Nheengatu personal pronouns
singular first-class pronoun second-class pronoun
first-person ixé se
second-person indé ne
third-person aé i
plural first-class pronoun second-class pronoun
first-person yandé yané
second-person penhẽ pe
third-person aintá (or tá) aintá (or tá)

References

North Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian siā, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.

Pronunciation

IPA(key): /sɛ/

Verb

se (present se, 2nd singular sjochst, 3rd singular sjocht, past saag, perfect sen)

  1. (Sylt) to see

Northern Kurdish

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

Noun

Central Kurdish سەگ (seg)

se m

  1. dog

Synonyms

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Danish se, from Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną.

Pronunciation

Verb

se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past så, past participle sett, present participle seende)

  1. to see (perceive with the eyes).

Derived terms

References

Old English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *siz, replacing earlier *sā, from Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

Article

sē

  1. the
    sē mōna ― the moon
    sēo sunne ― the sun
    þæt seofonstierre ― the Pleiades
    þā steorran ― the stars

Determiner

sē

  1. that
    Sele mē þone hamor.
    Give me that hammer.

Pronoun

sē

  1. that
    Hē fōr hām, and æfter þām ne ġeseah iċ hine nǣfre mā.
    He went home, and after that I never saw him again.
  2. the one / that one
    Iċ eom sē þe cnocaþ.
    I am the one who knocks.
    Hēo nis sēo þe þū oferreċċan þearft.
    She's not the one you need to convince.
    Rǣtst þū nū þās bōc oþþe þā?
    Are you reading this book right now or that one?
    Hwæðer is þīn, þē þæt swearte hors þē þæt hwīte?
    Which one is yours, the black horse or the white one?
  3. (relative) that, who, what
    Ne biþ eall þæt glitnaþ nā gold.
    Not everything that glitters is gold.

Usage notes

  • The word "the" was used somewhat more sparingly in Old English than in the modern language. One reason is, English had only recently developed a word for "the" (sē previously only meant "that"), leaving many nouns and phrases which had a definite meaning but which people continued to use without a definite article out of custom. Examples of words which usually went without the word "the" include:
    • Names of peoples, such as Engle (“the Angles”), Seaxan (“the Saxons”), and Crēcas (“the Greeks”). Ġelīefst þū þæt Dene magon bēon oferswīðde? (“Do you believe the Danes can be defeated?”).
    • All river names. On Temese flēat ān sċip (“A boat was floating on the Thames”).
    • A few nouns denoting types of locations, namely sǣ (“the sea”), wudu (“the woods”), and eorþe (“the ground”). Þū fēolle on eorðan and slōge þīn hēafod (“You fell on the ground and hit your head”). Note that eorþe was often used with a definite article when it meant "the Earth."
    • "the world," whether expressed with weorold or middanġeard. Iċ eom æt hām on ealre weorolde, þǣr þǣr sind wolcnu and fuglas and mennisċe tēaras (“I feel at home in the whole world, where there are clouds and birds and human tears”).
    • A couple of abstract concepts, namely sōþ (“the truth”) and ǣ (“the law”). Iċ seċġe ēow sōþ, þæt iċ swerie (“I'm telling you the truth, I swear”).
    • Dryhten (“the Lord”).
    • morgen (“the morning”) and ǣfen (“the evening”). Iċ ārās on lætne morgen and ēode niðer (“I got up late in the morning and went downstairs”).
    • The four seasons, lengten (“spring”), sumor (“summer”), hærfest (“fall”), and winter (“winter”). On sumore hit biþ wearm and on wintra ċeald (“In the summer it's warm and in the winter it's cold”).
    • forþġewitennes (“the past”), andweardnes (“the present”), and tōweardnes (“the future”). Þā þe forðġewitennesse ġemunan ne magon, hīe bēoþ ġeniðrode hīe tō ġeedlǣċenne (“Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it”).
    • forma sīþ (“the first time”), ōþer sīþ (“the second time”), etc. Hwæt þōhtest þū þā þū mē forman sīðe ġemēttest? (“What did you think when you met me for the first time?”).
    • þīestra (“the dark”). Iċ āwēox, ac iċ nǣfre ne ġeswāc mē þīestra tō ondrǣdenne (“I grew up, but I never stopped being scared of the dark”).
    • Genitive phrases could include the word "the" before the head noun, but most often did not. Instead, genitive phrases were commonly formed like possessive phrases in modern English, with the genitive noun preceding the head noun ("John's car," not "the car of John"). Thus “the fall of Rome” was Rōme hryre, literally “Rome's fall,” and “the god of fire” was fȳres god, literally “fire's god.”

Declension

Declension of se
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative sē, þē sēo, þēo þæt
Accusative þone þā þæt
Genitive þæs þǣre þæs
Dative þām, þǣm þǣre þām, þǣm
Instrumental þon, þȳ, þē þǣre þon, þȳ, þē
Plural
Nominative þā
Accusative þā
Genitive þāra
Dative þām, þǣm
Instrumental þām, þǣm

Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.

Descendants

Old French

Etymology 1

From Latin sē.

Alternative forms

Pronoun

se m or f (invariable)

  1. himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  2. herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  3. itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  4. oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  5. themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)
Descendants
  • French: se

Etymology 2

From Latin si.

Conjunction

se

  1. if
  2. then (afterwards; following)
Descendants
  • French: si

Old Frisian

Pronoun

se

  1. she
  2. they

Old Irish

Pronunciation

Determiner

se

  1. Alternative form of so used after palatalized consonants and front vowels

Old Polish

Pronunciation

Preposition

se

  1. Alternative form of z

Old Saxon

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sa.

Pronunciation

Article

sē m (demonstrative)

  1. definite article: the
    sē māno ― the moon
  2. demonstrative adjective: that, those
    Hē gaf thē gift. ― He gave that gift.

Declension

Declension of sē
Singular Plural
Masculine Neuter Feminine
nominative sē that sīu thē
accusative than that thē thē
genitive thēs thēs thēra thēra
dative thēm thēm thēra thēm
instrumental thiu, thia, thuo, thuru -

Old Swedish

Verb

se

  1. first-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
  2. second-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
  3. third-person singular present active subjunctive of vara
  4. third-person plural singular present active subjunctive of vara

Ometepec Nahuatl

Adjective

se

  1. one.

Pennsylvania German

Etymology

Compare German sie.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

se

  1. she, her

Declension

Pennsylvania German personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person 2nd person
familiar 		2nd person
polite/formal 		3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
m f n
nominative ich du
de1 		dihr
der1
Sie 		er sie
se1 		es mir
mer1 		dihr
der1 		sie
dative mir
mer1 		dir
der1 		eich
Ihne
Ne1 		ihm
em1 		ihre
re1 		ihm
em1 		uns eich ihne
ne1
accusative mich dich eich
Sie 		ihn
en1 		sie
se1 		es sie

1unstressed   

Phalura

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Determiner

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

  1. the
  2. that (agr: rem fem / rem non-nom masc)

References

  • Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Determiner

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

  1. the
  2. those (agr: rem)

References

  • Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Pronoun

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

  1. it
  2. she (rem fem nom)

References

  • Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Etymology 4

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Pronoun

se (demonstrative, Perso-Arabic spelling سےۡ)

  1. they (rem nom)

References

  • Liljegren, Henrik, Haider, Naseem (2011) Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎, Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Pilagá

Pronoun

se

  1. I
    se-take ― I want

References

  • 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages

Pipil

Pipil cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sē
    Ordinal : achtu
    Adverbial : seujti
    Distributive : sejsē ika

Etymology

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).

Pronunciation

Numeral

sē

  1. one
    Nikneki semaya se
    I want only one

Article

sē

  1. a, indefinite article
    Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit
    We saw an owl in the trees

Pronoun

sē

  1. someone, something, indefinite pronoun
    Walajsik se ina ka metzishmati
    Someone came who said she/he knows you
    Se anmejemet nemi pal yawi pal kikua ne takwal
    One of you has to go to buy the food
    Ne nunan nechmakak se anmupal
    My mom gave me something for you all

Polish

Pronunciation

Pronoun

se

  1. (colloquial, sometimes proscribed) (dative, weak form) oneself, myself, yourself, itself, etc.
    Synonym: sobie
    Daj se z tym spokój.
    Give it a break.

Further reading

  • se in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

Etymology 1

From Old Galician-Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē.

Pronoun

se m or f by sense

  2. third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themselves
    Ela se viu no espelho.
    She saw herself in the mirror.
  4. (nonstandard, colloquial, Brazil) first-person singular reflexive pronoun; myself
    Synonym: (standard) me
    Eu se apresentei no teatro.
    I performed myself at the theater.
  6. third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
    Quando eles se conheceram?
    When did they meet (each other)?
  8. (colloquial, nonstandard, Brazil) first-person plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
    Synonym: (standard) nos
    Nós se beijámos.
    We kissed (each other).
  10. second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves
    E você se diz um professor!
    And you call yourself a teacher!
  12. impersonal pronominal verb; oneself
    Vive-se bem em Belém.
    One lives well in Belém.
    (literally, “Lives oneself well in Belém”)
  14. accessory, when it is used to embellish the verb without its omission impairing the understanding.
    "Vão-se os reis, mas as nações ficam."
    Kings go, but nations remain.
  16. particle of spontaneity, when it indicates that there was spontaneity in the action by its agent.
    Ele morreu-se.
    He died.
Usage notes
  • When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
  • (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.
    comunicar-se (com) ― to communicate (with)
    arrepender-se ― to repent
  • Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:
    O professor acalmou os alunos.
    The teacher calmed the students down.
    O professor acalmou-se.
    The teacher calmed down.
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.

See also

See Template:Portuguese personal pronouns for further pronouns.

Etymology 2

From Old Galician-Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).

Alternative forms

Conjunction

se

  2. if (introduces a condition)
    Synonym: caso
    Antonyms: caso contrário, senão
    Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.
    If you go out, take an umbrella.
    Só começaremos se nos pagarem.
    We will only begin if they pay us.
    • 2009, Maria Gadú, Altar particular:
      Se enfim, você um dia resolver mudar, tirar meu pobre coração do altar, me devolver como se deve ser.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
    • 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lia Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
      Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
      I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!
Quotations

For quotations using this term, see Citations:se.

Etymology 3

Pronoun

se

  1. (Brazil, Internet slang) Misspelling of cê; "you"
    Synonym: c
    se sabe oq aconteceu??
    do u know what happened?

Romagnol

Alternative forms

  • s' (Apocopic)

Conjunction

se

  1. if

Romanian

Etymology

From Latin sē.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

se

  1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

Related terms

Romansch

Alternative forms

  • (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) si
  • (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sen
  • (Puter, Vallader) sü

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Adverb

se

  1. (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) up, upward, upwards

Rwanda-Rundi

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *cé.

Noun

sé class 1a (plural bāsé class 2a)

  1. his/her father
  2. his/her paternal uncle

Samoan

Article

se

  1. a (singular indefinite article)

See also

Serbo-Croatian

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *sę, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *sen, from Proto-Indo-European *swé.

Pronoun

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

  1. oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
    1. myself
    2. ourselves
    3. thyself (archaic)
    4. yourself, yourselves
    5. himself, herself, itself
    6. themselves
  2. (by extension, impersonal) Used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person where the impersonal subject does the verb unto itself
    Kako se zoveš? ― What's your name? (literally, “What do you call yourself?”)
    Kako se to kaže na španjolskom? ― How is that said in Spanish? / How do you say that in Spanish? (literally, “How does it say itself in Spanish?”)
    Ovdje se govori španjolski ― Spanish is spoken here (literally, “Spanish speaks itself here.”)
    Svjetska prvenstva se igraju ljeti. ― World Cups are played during the summer. (literally, “World Cups play themselves during the summer.”)
Declension
Declension of se
singular plural
nominative — —
genitive sȅbe, se sȅbe
dative sȅbi, si sȅbi
accusative sȅbe, se sȅbe
vocative — —
locative sȅbi sȅbi
instrumental sȍbōm sȍbom

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *sь.

Particle

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

  1. (obsolete) this is; here is
    • 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet, (Please provide the book title or journal name):
      се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
      Here lies Viganj Milošević

Sicilian

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Latin sīc. In the “yes” sense, from sīc (est). Doublet of sì.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsɛ/ (stressed)
  • IPA(key): /si/ (unstressed)
  • Hyphenation: sè

Adverb

se

  1. yes
    Antonyms: no, noni, nonzi, ntz

Derived terms

Related terms

Slovene

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

Pronunciation

Pronoun

se

  1. oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself
  2. ourselves, yourselves, themselves
  3. Dummy pronoun to make a verb intransitive, reflexive, or for reflexive voice.

Inflection

Second masculine/first feminine/second neuter declension (a-stem), fixed accent, highly irregular
Stressed ("naglasne") forms
nominative
imenovȃlnik 		– – –
genitive
rodȋlnik 		sébe sébe sébe
dative
dajȃlnik 		sébi sébi sébi
accusative
tožȋlnik 		sébe sébe sébe
locative
mẹ̑stnik 		sébi sébi sébi
instrumental
orọ̑dnik 		sȃbo, sebọ́j sȃbo, sebọ́j sȃbo, sebọ́j
(vocative)
(ogȏvorni imenovȃlnik) 		– – –
Unstressed ("naslonske") forms
singular dual plural
genitive
rodȋlnik 		se se se
dative
dajȃlnik 		si si si
accusative
tožȋlnik 		se se se
Binding ("navezne / predložne") accusative forms
singular dual plural
unstressed -se -se -se
stressed sẹ̑ sẹ̑ sẹ̑

See also

Further reading

  • “se”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
  • “se”, in Termania, Amebis
  • See also the general references

Spanish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Latin sē.

Pronoun

se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

  1. third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
    Juan se lava. ― Juan washes himself.
    Juan se lava la cara. ― Juan washes his own face. (literally, “Juan to himself washes the face.”)
    Juan y María se aman. ― Juan and María love each other.
  2. used to convey the meaning of the English passive voice in the third person and with usted and ustedes
    ¿Cómo se llama? ― What is your name? (literally, “How do you call yourself?”)
    Se dice que... ― It is said that... (literally, “It says itself that...”)
    Aquí se habla español ― Spanish is spoken here / They speak Spanish here. (literally, “One speaks Spanish here, Spanish speaks itself here.”)
Usage notes
  • (third person reflexive, also used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.

Etymology 2

From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).

Alternative forms

Pronoun

se m or f by sense (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

  1. used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las
    El samaritano se las dio. ― The Samaritan gave them to him.

See also

See Appendix:Spanish pronouns for an overview of Spanish pronouns and Template:es-personal pronouns for a pronoun table.

Etymology 3

Verb

se (main verb saber)

  1. Misspelling of sé.

Further reading

Sranan Tongo

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch zee.

Noun

se

  1. sea

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish sēa, sē, sīa, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną. Final -g of the past tense form added under influence of the Old Swedish plural form sāgho.

Pronunciation

Verb

se (present ser, preterite såg, supine sett, imperative se)

  1. to see (not be blind)
    Han sa att han var blind, men han kan se
    He said he was blind, but he can see
  2. to look
    Synonyms: titta, kolla, stirra, glo
    Han såg på igelkotten
    He looked at the hedgehog
    • 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie‎:
      Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
      Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandoned one!
    • 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult‎:
      Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
      What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.
  4. to see; to understand
    Synonyms: förstå, fatta, begripa
    Jag ser inte hur det skulle kunna vara möjligt. ― I don't see how that could be possible.
  5. to see, to visualize; to form a mental picture of

Usage notes

"Jag ser" for "I see" as in "I understand" does not work in (sense 3). See the synonyms instead.

Conjugation

Conjugation of se (class 5 strong)
Active Passive
Infinitive se ses
Supine sett setts
Imperative se —
Imper. plural1 sen —
Present Past Present Past
Indicative ser såg ses sågs
Ind. plural1 se sågo ses sågos
Subjunctive2 se såge ses såges
Participles
Present participle seende
Past participle sedd
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Hypernyms

Derived terms

Related terms

See also

Anagrams

Tagalog

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

See ce.

Noun

se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)

  1. (historical) Alternative form of ce

Etymology 2

See che.

Noun

se (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒ)

  1. (historical) Alternative form of che

Talysh

Etymology

Cognate with Persian سه (seh).

Numeral

se

  1. three

Tarantino

Pronoun

se (impersonal, reflexive)

  1. it
  2. one

Ternate

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Preposition

se (Jawi سي)

  1. human oblique preposition
    1. to
    2. at, in
    3. on
    4. from
Usage notes

Se is only used when the referent is human. For non-human referents, toma is used instead.

Alternative forms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Preposition

se (Jawi سي)

  1. associative preposition: with
    ngori totagi butu se ngori rinongoru ― I go to the market with my younger sibling
  2. instrumental preposition: with, by, using
    tabu se usipera ― fire the gun (literally, “to shoot with the gun”)
Usage notes

Generally, when se takes a human referent, it is associative, and when se takes a non-human referent, it is instrumental, although exceptions do exist.

Alternative forms

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Conjunction

se (Jawi سي)

  1. and
    tohida riyaya se ribaba ― I see my mother and my father
  2. forms compound numbers
    bobato nyagimoi se tofkange ― the (council of) eighteen bobatos (literally, “the ten and eight bobatos”)

References

  • Frederik Sigismund Alexander de Clercq (1890) Bijdragen tot de kennis der Residentie Ternate, E.J. Brill
  • Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

Tocharian A

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).

Noun

se m

  1. son

See also

Tocharian B

Pronoun

se

  1. Alternative form of kᵤse (“who, which”) (colloquial)

Turkish

Etymology 1

Noun

se

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter S.

Etymology 2

Noun

se

  1. Letter of the Arabic alphabet: ث

Tuvaluan

Article

se (indefinite article)

  1. a, an

Veps

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe. Cognates include Finnish se and Estonian see.

Pronoun

se

  1. it

Inflection

See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.

Determiner

se

  1. that (far)

Inflection

See Template:vep-decl-se for inflection.

Derived terms

References

  • Zajceva, N. G., Mullonen, M. I. (2007) “та, то, тот”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary]‎, Petrozavodsk: Periodika

Vietnamese

Pronunciation

Verb

se

  1. to be almost dry
  2. to be wrung with pain

References

  • “se”, in Soha Tra Từ (in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Vietnam Communications Corporation. Available under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike license.

Volapük

Preposition

se

  1. out of

Votic

Pronunciation

  • (Luutsa, Liivtšülä) IPA(key): /ˈse/,
  • Rhymes: -e
  • Hyphenation: se

Pronoun

se

  1. Alternative form of see

Welsh

Pronunciation

Verb

se (not mutable)

  1. Contraction of basai.

West Frisian

Pronoun

se

  1. Alternative form of sy (“she”)

Pronoun

se

  1. Alternative form of sy (“they”)

Wutunhua

Pronunciation

Wutunhua numbers (edit)
40
 ←  3 4 5  → 
    Cardinal: se
    Ordinal: di-se, xxewa

Etymology 1

From Mandarin 四 (sì).

Numeral

se

  1. four

Etymology 2

From Mandarin 死 (sǐ).

Verb

se

  1. to die
    rolang sho-de je da nga-n-de mula ren se-gu-la diando rolang qhe-lai-li sho-de gu-li.
    As for this thing called ro-langs , it is said that if a person among us dies, there will appear a ro-langs instead.
    (Quoted in Janhunen et al., p. 114)

References

  • Juha Janhunen, Marja Peltomaa, Erika Sandman, Xiawu Dongzhou (2008) Wutun (LINCOM's Descriptive Grammar Series), volume 466, LINCOM Europa, →ISBN
  • Erika Sandman (2016) A Grammar of Wutun‎, University of Helsinki (PhD), →ISBN

Yoruba

Etymology 1

Proposed to be derived from Proto-Yoruboid *sì, compare with Igala hì, Igbo si

Alternative forms

  • hè (Ìkálẹ̀)

Pronunciation

Verb

sè

  1. (transitive) to cook
    Ó se ọbẹ̀ ilá. ― He cooked okra soup.
  2. (transitive) to boil
    Mi ò mọ ẹyin ín sè. ― I don't know how to boil eggs.
Usage notes
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Verb

sé

  1. (transitive) to block; to shut
    Wọ́n sé fèrèsé náà. ― They blocked that window.
  2. (transitive) to miss
    Òkúta tí ó jù sé ihò. ― The rock she threw missed the hole.
Derived terms

Zazaki

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Turkish -se (“if”).

Conjunction

se

  1. if
Derived terms

Etymology 2

From Proto-Iranian *číš (“what”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷís (“who, what, which, that”).

Adverb

se

  1. what
  2. how

Etymology 3

Numeral

se

  1. Alternative form of sed
Wikious
Boobota
Sagapedia