Kusunda word lists:
The following word list of the Kusunda language is from Watters (2006: 139-152).[1]
| Kusunda | Part of speech | Gloss | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| -ə | vt. | root of the verb 'talk, speak' | (see also ts-ə ə-d-n̩ and n-ə ə-n-i) |
| -əg | vi. | root of the verb 'go' | (see also ts-əg-ən, n-əg-ən, d-əg-əi) |
| əgi | adj. | live, living | |
| əgi-da-d-n̩, əgi-da-d-i | vt. | to make live, to rescue | |
| əiga | vt. | imperative form of 'fetch, bring' | (see also ts-iw-ən and -i) |
| əigi-d-n̩, əigi-d-i; əigi-no (imp) | vi. | to live, to survive | |
| əina (Nep.) | n. | mirror | |
| əitsi | n. | dove, pigeon | |
| əmbyaq | n. | mango | |
| -əna | suff. | from | |
| ənin, əini, ayin; əniyu (neg) | vi. | to be, become (Nep. bən-nu) | |
| əŋgago | n. | armful | |
| əolə-d-i; əolə ə-go (imp) | vt. | to sell | |
| əraq / əraχ | n. | garlic | |
| ərdzo ə-g-ən | vt. | to squeeze | |
| ərtsa | n. | needle | |
| əsa | interrog. | how | |
| əsae | adv. | always | |
| əsaɢʕi, əsaːʕi | interrog. | from when, when | |
| əsi | interrog. | how much, how many | |
| əubaŋ | n. | nostril | |
| əubaŋ ə-go | vt. | to pierce, make hole | |
| abəq / əboχ | n. | greens, vegetable | |
| abi a-t-n̩, abi a-d-i; abi ə-go (imp) | vt. | to carry | |
| ãdze | pp. | up, above | |
| agəi | n. | dog | |
| agəi getse | n. | dog pup | |
| ai ədi | adv. | this manner | |
| ai-t-n̩, ai-d-i, ai-dzi; ai-to (imp), ai-yin (proh) | vt. | to beg | |
| aidzi | n. | alms | |
| aidzi | n. | other | |
| aidzi / əidzi | n. | goat | |
| akpəi / akʰpe | pp. | across | |
| alu (Nep.) | n. | potato | |
| amaːʕa, amaqa | pp. | below | |
| amba / əmba | n. | flesh, meat | |
| amba padə-g-ən | vt. | to hunt (lit. to hunt meat) | |
| ambu / ambo | n. | breast, udder, milk | |
| ambu tsilip ə-g-ən | vt. | to milk (lit. to squeeze udder) | |
| amdzi | n. | carrying net | |
| an | n. | urine | |
| anə-d-i; anə-g-ən (3rd); anə-go (imp), ənə-yin (proh) | vi. | to urinate | |
| aŋga ə-go (imp) | vt. | to embrace | |
| aŋgi | n. | shirt (Nep. bhoʈo) | |
| ao | n. | dirt, ground | |
| aõ / waha | pp. | inside | |
| ao bʰaŋ | n. | hole in ground | |
| ao-da-d-i; ao-da ə-go (imp), ao-da ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to burn food | |
| ao-dzi | vi. | to burn (of food) | |
| aõla (Nep.) | n. | finger | |
| aoqa | pp. | on top of | |
| aosi / aose / əusi | n. | fingernail | |
| aota / awata | n. | door | |
| ape | loc. | there | |
| aqa / akʰa | pp. | down, under, beneath | |
| asne | pp. | uphill | |
| at | n. | headstrap, noose, snare | |
| ata gi | n. | mustache, beard | |
| ata gidaŋ / atta gitaŋ | n. | saliva (lit. mouth water) | |
| ata, atta | n. | mouth | |
| ataŋ | n. | footprint, track | |
| a-t-n̩, a-d-i; ə-go (imp), ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to make | |
| at-to | vt. | imperative form of 'say' | (see also ts-oɴʕ-on) |
| awi / awəi | n. | hand, wrist, arm | |
| awən / əhun, ahun | n. | feather | |
| bə | adv. | also | |
| bəkək ə-go | vt. | to fold | |
| bələ-d-i; bələ-go (imp), bələ-yin (proh) | vt. | to remove from fire | |
| bəm | n. | sky, cloud | |
| bəmlu / bamlo | n. | frog | |
| bəsə (Nep.) | n. | year | |
| bət | vi. | to be (predicational) | |
| bətsʰəi | adj. | wide | |
| bãdza | pp. | outside | |
| bai | n. | elder sister | |
| bãkʰa, bãkʰə | n. | type of bird (Nep. lãcʰe) | |
| bal-n̩, bəl-tsi-n; bəl-to (imp) | vi. | to descend, climb down | |
| bãqa | n. | sickle (khurpa) | |
| begəi | n. | ginger | |
| begəi | n. | Kusunda | |
| begən | n. | chilli, pepper | |
| begən | adj. | spicy, hot | |
| beho | vt. | to winnow | |
| bem-n̩, bem-tsi-n, bem-to | vi. | to fall, trip | |
| bemə-g-ən | vt. | to fall | |
| ben | adj. | raw, uncooked | |
| bewə-d-n̩, bewə-d-i | vt. | to bear child | |
| bewə-tsi-n | vi. | to be born | |
| bi it-n̩ | vi. | to dawn | |
| bibi-dzi, bibi-to | vi. | to walk | |
| binəi | n. | younger sister | |
| biyãχ | n. | tobacco leaf | |
| budi aõla (Nep.) | n. | thumb | |
| budun | n. | father-in-law | |
| bukʰra | n. | type of bird | |
| bul-dzi (3rd) | vi. | to emerge | |
| bultsum | n. | flea | |
| bunə ə-g-ən (3rd) | vt. | to weave (lit. 'do loom') | |
| burmə-d-i; burmə-go (imp) | vt. | to uproot | |
| bwãk, bwãkʰ, bwãχ | n. | goiter | |
| bya | adj. | spicy, hot | |
| byagorok | n. | radish | |
| byaq-a-t-n̩, byaq-a-d-i; byaqa ə-go (imp) | vt. | to overturn, spill | |
| byaq-n̩ | vi. | to overturn, spill | |
| byoŋ-dzi, byoŋ-tsi-n; byoŋ-ni-n (2nd); byoŋ-to (imp) | vi. | to squat | |
| bʰəĩra (Nep.) | n. | sparrow | |
| bʰəpsar | n. | fox | |
| bʰəra ə-go (imp) | vt. | to snatch | |
| bʰəra-d-n̩, bʰəra-d-i | vt. | to break rope, pull in two | |
| bʰəra-q-n̩ | vi. | to break (of rope) | |
| bʰəya | n. | younger brother | |
| bʰab ə-go (imp) | vt. | to mend, patch | |
| bʰiŋga ə-g-ən | vt. | to carry wound in a coil | |
| bʰorlo-q-n̩ | vi. | to boil | |
| bʰorlə-d-n̩, bʰorlə-d-i; bʰorlə ə-go (imp), bʰorlə ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to boil water | |
| bʰyon-to | vi. | to stop, halt | |
| dəbaq, dəbakʰ, dəbaχ, dəwak | adv. | now | |
| d-əg-əi | vi. | third person form of 'go' | (see also ts-əg-ən and da) |
| dəi ə-g-ən (3rd) | vt. | to shoot a bow | |
| dərpu ə-go (imp) | vt. | to hit, strike | |
| dəsə-d-i, dəsə-go | vt. | to quit doing, release | |
| dəũre, kaiu | n. | sari | |
| dəŋga | n. | walking stick, whip | |
| da | num. | three | |
| da | vi. | imperative form of 'go' | |
| -da | aff. | object marker, causative suffix, plural suffix, purposive marker | |
| dãba-d-n̩, dãba-d-i; dãbə ə-g-ən (3rd) | vt. | to meet, find, get | |
| dãbəi / daŋbəi | n. | shaman | |
| daha-d-n̩, daha-d-i | vt. | to seat someone, set load down | |
| dahat | num. | three | |
| daŋbwa | adj. | dark | |
| deidzi | n. | firewood | |
| deosi, dəbəsi | adv. | later today | |
| dibaŋ | n. | mountain, cliff | |
| dibʰaŋ | n. | crowd | |
| dimi | n. | smoke | |
| dimtu / dəmtəu | adj. | sour | |
| dõdziləq | n. | Badi (beggar caste) | |
| doko (Nep.) | n. | basket | |
| doma | n. | a kind of tree | |
| dowa-d-i, dowa-go | vt. | to stop | |
| dõwədzi / duŋdzi | n. | drum (Nep. madal) | |
| dõwədzi ə-g-ən | vt. | to beat drum (lit. to do drum) | |
| duga, dugə | n. | ground, floor | |
| dugə abəq | n. | ground mushroom | |
| dui | n. | husband | |
| duidze, dui getse | n. | human male, man | |
| dukʰu | num. | two | |
| duktsi / duktse | n. | son, brother’s son | |
| dum | n. | soil, sand, earth | |
| dusə ə-d-i; dusə ə-go (imp) | vt. | to push | |
| dʰəbə-d-n̩, dʰəbə-d-i; dʰabə (imp), dʰəb-in (proh) | vt. | to cover; to shut, close | |
| dʰap ə-g-ən | vt. | to trap | |
| dʰapa gipan | n. | rhododendron | |
| dʰaː a-t-n̩, dʰaː ə-d-i; dʰaː ə-go (imp) | vt. | to put on fire | |
| dʰundi | n. | fog | |
| dʰya | n. | old man | |
| dʰũ-tsi-n; dʰuŋ-to (imp) | vi. | to stand | |
| dʰũ-wa-d-n̩, dʰũ-wa-d-i | vt. | to make stand | |
| dzəgəl | n. | old woman | |
| dzəi migo | n. | charcoal, coal | |
| dzəpak | n. | a kind of yam | |
| dzəu | n. | pain, sickness | |
| dzəu-dzi, dzəu-tsi-n; dzəu ə-g-ən (3rd) | vi. | to hurt, feel pain, be sick | |
| dzəŋgəl (Nep.) | n. | weeds | |
| dzəŋtəl / dzaŋtal | n. | Gaini, traditional singer | |
| dzəŋən / dzaŋ | adj. | new | |
| dza | n. | fire | |
| dza hõː-d-i | vt. | to burn fire | |
| dzapin ə-g-ən, dzapin ə-g-i (3rd); dzapin ə-go (imp) | vt. | to leave, abandon | |
| dzandza | n. | wild man | |
| dzaː-d-n̩, dzaː-d-i; dza ə-go (imp) | vt. | to buy | |
| dzei / dzəi | n. | ashes | |
| dzidzyon | vi. | to bloom, blossom | |
| dziŋ | n. | oil | |
| dziŋa | num. | two | |
| dziu a-t-n̩ | vt. | to leak | |
| dzogoroq, dzogoroχ | n. | splinter | |
| dzoɢʕ-a-d-n̩, dzoɢʕ-a-d-i | vt. | to soak, make wet | |
| dzoŋdzo ə-g-ən | vi. | to bear fruit, flourish | |
| dzõɴʕ-a-d-n̩, dzõɴʕ-a-d-i; dzõɴʕ-ə-g-ən (3rd); dzõɴʕ-ə-go (imp) | vt. | to hang | |
| dzoq-n̩; dzoq-to (imp) | vi. | to get wet | |
| dzõwə-d-n̩, dzõwə-d-i | vt. | to blow on fire | |
| dzugui / dzugəi | n. | sickness, illness | |
| dzulo | n. | tinder | |
| dzuŋ-dzi (3rd) | vi. | to hang | |
| dzwã ə-go | vt. | to weigh | |
| dzyahãde | n. | maternity | |
| dzʰəm ə-g-ən (3rd); dzʰəm-to (imp), dzʰəm-in (proh) | vi. | to weep, cry | |
| dzʰõ | n. | louse egg | |
| e-d-n̩, e-d-i; e-go (imp), e-yin (proh) | vt. | to give | |
| eirak | adj. | poor | |
| emblaq, eblaq / emblak | n. | witch | |
| eyəŋ | n. | upper back | |
| gəi (Nep.) | n. | wound | |
| gəini | adj. | thick | |
| gəkʰya ə-go | vt. | to force | |
| gəki | n. | kidney | |
| gəndzi | n. | smell, odor, aroma | |
| gəndzibur | n. | stench, bad smell | |
| gəndzi ə-go (imp) | vt. | to smell something | |
| gəndzi u-g-i (3rd) | vi. | to smell, give off odor (lit. 'smell comes') | |
| gərəm-d-i, gərəm-dzi | vt. | to knock down | |
| gəsa | n. | tobacco | |
| gəũtsi | n. | a kind of tree | |
| gaŋno (imp) | vt. | to encircle, fence in | |
| gãɴʕən yeŋgu | n. | whetstone | |
| gãɴʕ-no (imp) | vt. | imperative form of 'see', look' | (see also ts-aɴʕ-dzi) |
| garo | n. | wall | |
| gebʰusa | n. | breast, milk | |
| gebon | n. | grandchildren | |
| gebusa | n. | curd | |
| gemət dzəu | n. | diarrhea | |
| gemət, tsi-mət, ni-gimət | n. | belly, stomach, intestine | |
| gesala | n. | wife’s younger brother | |
| gesali | n. | wife’s sister, sister-in-law | |
| getse | n. | offspring, child | |
| getse, hũkui | n. | baby, child | |
| getsebəi | n. | daughter-in-law | |
| gi | n. | hair, fur | |
| giban | n. | bond friend | |
| gida: (Nep.) | n. | seed | |
| gidaŋ | n. | sap | |
| gidzaq | loc. | between | |
| gidzaŋ | n. | body | |
| gidzi | n. | name | |
| gidət, gitət | n. | skin, bark, leather | |
| gilaŋ / gelaŋ | n. | forest | |
| gilaŋ abəq | n. | forest mushroom | |
| gilaŋ tap | n. | Kalij pheasant | |
| gimdʰər | n. | father’s brother, uncle | |
| gimdzamba / gimtsamba | n. | police | |
| gimdzi | pron. | self, his own | |
| gimi | n. | female of a species | |
| gimi | n. | money (< gimi haq ‘female leaf’) | |
| gimi e-d-i | vt. | to pay (lit. 'to give money') | |
| gimi ə-go (imp) | vt. | to earn | |
| gimtsi | n. | friend | |
| gimihaq-ni / gimyaχni | n. | female Ban Raja | |
| gin a-di | adv. | that manner | |
| gina | dem. | that | |
| gina | pron. | he, she, it | |
| gina-yi | pron. | his | |
| giɲaq / giŋyak, gʰiŋgʰyak | n. | trousers | |
| gipan | n. | flower | |
| gipən / gepən | n. | word, language | |
| gisi | n. | fat | |
| gisəkəla | n. | oats | |
| gitaŋ | n. | sweets | |
| gitsi | n. | thorn | |
| gobba / gʰoχbaχ, gʰokʰba | adj. | tall, high | |
| gobloq | n. | heart, lung | |
| godoq / gorok, gorokʰ, goroχ | n. | root | |
| godzaŋ | adv. | few | |
| g-oɢʕ-on | vt. | third person form of 'put, set aside' | (see also ts-oɢʕ-on) |
| goloq / goləχ | n. | sheep | |
| goləŋdəi | n. | soya bean | |
| goradze | adv. | morning, early today | |
| goraq / gorəχ | adv. | tomorrow | |
| gotoŋ, gotəŋ | n. | soup | |
| gu.u, guhu | n. | bone | |
| guben | n. | log | |
| gudzaŋ | adv. | little bit | |
| gudzãŋ | vt. | to reduce | |
| g-ug-un (3rd), g-oɢʕ-an (irr) | vt. | to take | |
| guhu masi | n. | bone marrow | |
| guidzi / goidzi | n. | turtle, tortoise | |
| gulundi | n. | allowance | |
| guluŋ | adj. | round | |
| gumə-d-n̩, gumə-d-i; gumə ə-go (imp) | vt. | to chase | |
| guneŋgi / gunaŋge | n. | langur monkey | |
| gwa | n. | egg | |
| gwa ə-g-ən | vt. | to lay egg (lit. 'do egg') | |
| gwame | n. | centipede | |
| gwi ə-d-n̩, gwi ə-d-i; gwi ə-go (imp) | vt. | to gather, keep, save | |
| gwi-t-n̩, gwi-tsi-t-n̩ | vi. | to gather | |
| gya | n. | male of a species | |
| gya numba | n. | ox | |
| gya-d-n̩, gya-d-i; gya ə-go (imp), gya ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to press, hold | |
| gya-ɢʕa, gya-ɢʕai, gyaːi / gyakʰa | n. | strength | |
| gya-qai, ata qaːi | n. | breath | |
| gyaɢʕo, gyaːwo | n. | pus | |
| gyakʰər ə-g-ən | vi. | to rest | |
| gyao | n. | brain | |
| gyaq-n̩; gyaq-to (imp) | vi. | to collapse | |
| gyaq-a-d-n̩, gyaq-a-d-i; gyaq ə-go (imp), gyaq ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to make collapse | |
| gyaudzi | n. | mother-in-law | |
| gʰəi | n. | boil | |
| gʰərun taŋ | n. | raksi | |
| gʰərun, gʰərəo | adj. | hot | |
| gʰərə-d-n̩, gʰərə-d-i; gʰərə-go (imp) | vt. | to make hot, heat | |
| gʰəsa | n. | tobacco | |
| gʰa-o (imp) | vt. | to thrash, beat | |
| gʰãː-d-n̩, gʰãː-d-i; gʰãː ə-go (imp), gʰã-yin (proh) | vt. | to grind | |
| gʰak əgo | vt. | to pierce | |
| gʰan yeŋgu | n. | grindstone | |
| gʰãs (Nep.) | n. | grass | |
| gʰu a-t-n̩, gʰo ə-go | vt. | to move | |
| gʰu-t-n̩ | vi. | to move | |
| gʰue ə-go (imp) | vt. | to plough | |
| gʰurma ə-go | vt. | to sting | |
| gʰyaŋ | n. | female genitals | |
| gʰyã-d-n̩ | vt. | to copulate | |
| həbə-o (imp) | vt. | to hold in hand | |
| həgədzun | n. | hummingbird | |
| həilaŋ ə-go | vt. | to shake | |
| həmətsi / həmitsi, həmdzi | n. | bat | |
| hər-a-d-n̩, hər-a-d-i; haraŋ ə-go (imp) | vt. | to open, cause to open | |
| hərdze a-t-n̩ | vt. | to win | |
| hərgun | adj. | green | |
| hərə-q-n̩ | vi. | to open on its own | |
| hãː | n. | cheek | |
| hãː / haŋ | n. | face | |
| hãː / tsi-haŋ | n. | forehead | |
| habə-d-n̩, habə-d-i; habə-go (imp) | vt. | to burn, roast | |
| haɢʕo, haʕwo | n. | rhesus monkey | |
| hai-t-n̩; hai-dzi (3rd) | vi. | to yawn | |
| hampe | interrog. | where | |
| hampe kʰaːu | pron. | nowhere | |
| hanti | n. | cummerbund | |
| haŋki | n. | neck | |
| haŋki gun | n. | Adam's apple | |
| haŋki ə-g-ən | vi. | to snore | |
| haŋnuŋ | n. | shadow | |
| haɴʕ-no | vi. | imperative form of 'sit' | (see also s-aɴʕ-an and ɲ-aɴʕ-an) |
| haq / haχ | n. | leaf, book | |
| haq a-d-n̩ | vt. | to read | |
| haq gimi | n. | paper, paper note (lit. female leaf) | |
| het ə-go (imp) | vi. | to call out | |
| hi / he | n. | pig, wild boar | |
| hi gimi | n. | sow pig | |
| hilaŋ | n. | a kind of tree | |
| hoigən, huigin | adj. | dirty, filthy, rubbish, litter | |
| hugyaŋ | n. | spade, shovel | |
| huki / hukki | n. | salt | |
| huki am | adj. | salty | |
| hũku hũku | adv. | little bit | |
| hũkui / huŋkəi | adj. | small | |
| hũkun kolde | n. | knife | |
| hũkun əota | n. | window | |
| hulə-d-n̩, hulə-d-i; hulə-go (imp) | vt. | to cook | |
| hulən | n. | cook | |
| humba ə-g-ən | vt. | to chase | |
| hunko | adv. | almost | |
| hurə-d-i / hurra ə-g-ən (3rd) | vt. | to throw, throw away | |
| huː-dzi; huː-do (imp), huː-in (proh) | vi. | to fly | |
| hũtu | adv. | far | |
| huŋkəi bai | n. | the youngest elder sister | |
| hyo-da-d-n̩, hyo-da-d-i | vt. | to swell | |
| hyo-wən, hyo-dzi | adj. | swollen | |
| hyoɢʕ-a-d-n̩, hyoɢʕ-a-d-i | vt. | to hide | |
| hyoq-a | vt. | to be unable to | |
| hyoq-n̩, hyoq-tsi-n | vi. | to hide, be able | |
| hyu-dzi | adj. | fat | |
| -i | vt. | root form of the verb 'fetch, bring' | (see also ts-iw-ən and əiga) |
| idaŋ | n. | hunger | |
| tən-da idaŋ | 'I am hungry' (lit. hunger is to me) | ||
| idu / idəu | n. | liver | |
| -ig- | vt. | root form of the verb 'put in' | (see also ts-ig-ən) |
| ihəŋ / ehəŋ | n. | Newar | |
| ima | n. | field, farmland | |
| imala | n. | father’s second younger brother | |
| imba-d-n̩, imba-d-i; imbə ə-go (imp) | vt. | to think, remember | |
| imbə-d-n̩, imbə-d-i; imbə ə-go (imp) | vt. | to exchange, return | |
| in-da-d-n̩, in-da-d-i; in-da ə-go (imp), in-da-yin (proh) | vt. | to feed, nurse | |
| ĩnorət / inoərət | n. | Tharu | |
| inu / inəu | n. | nose | |
| inəŋ getse | n. | eyeball | |
| inəŋ gi | n. | eyelash | |
| iŋ | n. | sun | |
| iŋ / inəŋ | n. | eye | |
| iŋ gidaŋ | n. | tears | |
| iŋ ipdzi | vi. | to doze | |
| iŋ iŋ-dzi | adj. | sleepy | |
| iŋ miː-dzi | vi. | to set (of sun) | |
| iŋao / iŋau | n. | night | |
| iŋdzũ, idziŋ / idzəŋ | n. | tongue | |
| iŋgidat / iŋgidət | n. | Sarki, shoemaker caste (lit. foot leather) | |
| -ip- | vi. | root form of the verb 'sleep' | (see also ts-ip-n̩ and n-ip-n̩) |
| ipən | n. | corn, maize | |
| ip-da-d-n̩, ip-da-d-i; ip-da ə-go (imp) | vt. | to put to sleep | |
| ipi | n. | head | |
| ipi gidzaŋ | n. | horn | |
| ipi guhu | n. | skull | |
| ippa kadzi | n. | wheat flour | |
| ip-to | vi. | imperative form of 'sleep' | |
| iraŋ ə-go | vi. | to stretch | |
| ĩsala | n. | father’s third brother | |
| isi, iskin | adv. | evening | |
| isna | pp. | to there | |
| -it- | vi. | root form of the verb 'say' | (see also ts-it-n̩ and n-it-n̩) |
| istə | adv. | near | |
| iyu | n. | ear | |
| iyu əndoq | adj. | deaf | |
| kəba | n. | lie, falsehood | |
| kəba aːdzi / kaba-dze ə-g-ən | vt. | to lie (lit. to say a lie / to do a lie) | |
| kəbdzaŋ / kəpdzaŋ | n. | gold | |
| kəbule | vt. | to offer | |
| kəita, qaida | n. | other | |
| kəla-d-n̩, kəla-d-i; kəla-g-ən (3rd); kəla ə-go (imp), kəla ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to break, smash (as a jug); to cut, split wood | |
| kəla-d-n̩, kəla-d-i | vt. | to separate | |
| kəla-q-n̩ | vi. | to break, smash | |
| kəla-q-tsi-n; kəla-q-dzi (3rd) | vi. | to separate | |
| kəlã ə-g-ən | vt. | to distribute, divide | |
| kələŋgu | n. | Jugi | |
| kəmba-d-n̩, kumba-d-i; kəmba ə-go (imp) | vt. | to dump | |
| kəmboi | n. | hornet | |
| kəpaŋ | n. | tumeric, besar | |
| kəpaŋ bəyo | n. | yellow | |
| kəpʰera | adv. | again | |
| kəre / kəri | n. | pot, vase, water container | |
| kəreː | n. | jug | |
| kərəŋ (Nep.) | n. | rib | |
| kəu ə-g-ən | vt. | to promise god | |
| kaitʰo ə-go | vt. | to pile up | |
| kaitʰwa əgo (imp) | vt. | to join | |
| kamkəm | n. | leprosy | |
| kampa kampe | adv. | everywhere | |
| kampya, kampe | pp. | to one side | |
| kan | adj. | sharp | |
| kanə ə-go | vt. | to sharpen | |
| kapu | n. | a kind of fruit tree (Nep. kapʰəl; Myrica esculenta) | |
| kasa | n. | a kind of tree (Nep. sajʰə) | |
| kasi, kasige / kasigi | adj. | white, light color | |
| katse | n. | crab | |
| katse gumbo | n. | scorpion | |
| katəŋ | n. | itch | |
| kawa ə-go (imp) | vt. | to hold under arm | |
| kãwər | adj. | light weight | |
| kawət | n. | bangle | |
| kayak | n. | a kind of tree (Nep. bʰəlayo; Rhus succedaneum) | |
| ki | n. | louse | |
| kila-d-n̩, kila-d-i; kila ə-g-ən (3rd); kila ə-go (imp), kila ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to steal | |
| kiladi | n. | thief | |
| kiptsak | n. | Sesi Kham | |
| kirna (Nep.) | n. | tick | |
| kisa-d-n̩ | vt. | to cut meat, clear brush | |
| kiwə a-d-n̩; kiwə ə-go (imp), kiwə-n (proh) | vt. | to pinch | |
| kog | n. | crow | |
| koidzu | n. | red deer | |
| kok ə-go | vt. | to raise, rear | |
| kola ə-g-ən (3rd) | vt. | to stir | |
| kola-d-n̩, kola-d-i; kola ə-go (imp) | vt. | to draw water | |
| kolde | n. | khukri, knife | |
| kolom, qolom | adj. | bad | |
| kolumu / kolomu | n. | owl | |
| komba komba ə-g-ən (3rd) | vt. | to tease | |
| kon-da-d-n̩, kon-da-d-i | vt. | to cause to drink, to give drink | |
| konda-gi | vt. | to water animals | |
| kondok ə-g-ən | vt. | to make tall | |
| koɴʕodi / kəũdəi | n. | blacksmith, kami | |
| koyu | n. | whistle | |
| kulum | n. | lie, falsehood | |
| kum kum ə-g-ən | vi. | to quarrel | |
| kya.aŋ | adj. | thin, skinny | |
| kʰərgun | adj. | red | |
| kʰərkəla | n. | Brahmin | |
| kʰərwi / kʰərugəi | n. | wheat | |
| kʰəŋgu, χəŋgu | adj. | cold (of food) | |
| kʰa ə-d-i; kʰa ə-g-i (3rd); kʰa ə-go (imp) | vt. | to parch grain | |
| kʰaidzi | n. | food, cooked rice | |
| kʰaiya, χaiya | n. | danger | |
| kʰam-tsi-n, kʰam-tsi-du, kʰam-dzi; kʰam-to (imp), kʰam-in (proh) | vt. | to bite, chew | |
| kʰaːu, χaːu | v. | not (existential) | |
| kʰola (Nep.) | n. | stream | |
| kʰomba | adj. | mad | |
| kʰomba dəmdzi | vi. | to go mad | |
| kʰurpa | n. | khukri, knife | |
| kʰya ə-g-ən | vi. | to be shy | |
| lə a-d-n̩, lə ə-g-ən / lãhãgo | vt. | to apply, rub in | |
| ləbu u-g-ən / ləbbo | vi. | to be angry (lit. anger to come) | |
| ləbə-d-i | vt. | to stamp, print | |
| ləbə-d-n̩, ləbə-d-i; ləbə ə-go (imp) | vt. | to bury | |
| ləmba-d-n̩, ləmba-d-i; ləmba ə-go (imp) | vt. | to learn, teach | |
| ləp-dzi | vi. | to adhere, stick | |
| ləp-n̩ | vi. | to be stamped, imprinted | |
| ləpa, ləppa | n. | blood | |
| ləŋgəi / lənkəi | n. | cigarette | |
| ləŋka, ləŋkəi | adj. | long | |
| lab ə-g-ən | vt. | to plant | |
| laɢʕan / laŋ | n. | village | |
| laː ə-d-i; laː ə-n-i (2nd); laː ə-go (imp) | vt. | to taste | |
| laĩ / lãɲe, ləŋkan | n. | cucumber | |
| lãsi | n. | wild cherry | |
| lekʰa-d-n̩ / lekʰe-d-n̩ | vt. | to write | |
| leː | n. | lie, falsehood | |
| leː ə-g-ən | vt. | to lie (lit. to do a lie) | |
| leː ə-g-ən (3rd); leː ə-go (imp) | vt. | to sweep | |
| libʰə ə-g-ən | vi. | to move | |
| libũ-dzi, libũ-tsi-n; libũ-to (imp), libũ-nin (proh) | vi. | to play | |
| libuŋdzi | n. | player | |
| ligən / ligin | n. | nettle, burlap | |
| lime-d-n̩; limi ə-go (imp) / ləima ə-go | vt. | to make dance; make hop around | |
| limit-n̩, limi-tsi-n; limi-to (imp) | vi. | to dance | |
| limu-dzi, limu-tsi-n | vi. | to fight, quarrel | |
| liŋwa | adj. | heavy | |
| lolə ə-d-n̩, lolə ə-d-i; lolə ə-go (imp), lolə ə-yin (proh) | vi. | to cry out | |
| məhi a-t-n̩, məhi ə-go | vt. | to mix | |
| məhi, məih | n. | buffalo | |
| məhi-dzi | adj. | mixed | |
| məi | n. | mother | |
| məimi | n. | anxiety | |
| məina (Nep.) | n. | month | |
| məiti əgəi | adj. | naked | |
| məlaŋ | adv. | slowly | |
| məlli bai | n. | second elder sister | |
| məla a-t-n̩, məla a-d-i; məla ə-yin (proh) | vi. | to be late | |
| məndu, mədəu | n. | elder sister’s husband | |
| mənni / məni | adv. | many, much | |
| məstəmə | adv. | slowly | |
| məta, mə | adv. | only | |
| məːbə-d-n̩, məːbə-d-i; məːbə-go (imp), məːbə-yin (proh) | vt. | to hear, listen | |
| məŋ / maŋ, maŋlaŋ | n. | song | |
| məŋ ə-g-ən | vt. | to sing (lit. 'do song') | |
| -ma | aff. | with | |
| malu | n. | Nepali cap, topi | |
| mame, mami | n. | bread | |
| maqʰadzi / maχkadzʰi | n. | father’s younger brother’s wife | |
| mãχ / mãkʰ | n. | dream | |
| mãχ ts-ãɴʕ-dzi | vi. | to dream (lit. see a dream) | |
| matsa | n. | blood vessel | |
| mehaq, gemehaq / gimyaχ | n. | Ban Raja | |
| meː-t-n̩, meː-d-i | vt. | to lose | |
| -mi | vt. | root form of the verb 'forget' | (see also tsə-mi-n) |
| miː-to | vt. | imperative form of 'forget' | (see also tsə-mi-n) |
| miː-t-n̩ | vi. | to lose, be lost | |
| mihaqtse / mʰaq-tse / maktse | n. | boy | |
| mitʰiŋ | vt. | to make mistake | |
| mitʰu ə-g-ən | vi. | to drown | |
| miu / myiu | n. | arrow | |
| mom | n. | elder brother | |
| moŋ / muŋ | n. | king | |
| motʰa ə-go (imp) | vt. | to swallow | |
| motsa | n. | banana, plantain | |
| mundo (Nep.) | n. | ring | |
| murutəŋ ə-g-ən | vt. | to release | |
| muruŋ-to, mərəŋ əgo | vi. | to turn over, roll over | |
| muŋni | n. | queen | |
| mwø ə-d-n̩, mwø ə-d-i; mwø ə-go (imp), mwø ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to boil food | |
| myaq / myaχ | n. | leopard | |
| myaqa / myakʰa, myaka | adv. | alone | |
| myaqə-t-n̩, myaqə-d-i; myaqə-g-ən (3rd); myaqə-go (imp) | vt. | to dig | |
| myaqo getse | n. | cat | |
| n-ə ə-n-i | vi. | second person form of 'speak' | |
| nəbʰəi | n. | feast | |
| nəbə-d-i; nəbə ə-go (imp) | vt. | to marry | |
| n-əg-ən | vi. | second person form of 'go' | |
| nən-da | pron. | accusative case of second person pronoun | |
| nən kʰaːu | pron. | nothing | |
| nən nohən | conj. | because | |
| nən, nətn̩ | interrog. | what, why | |
| nəsa | n. | fish | |
| nəsa (Nep.) | n. | sinew | |
| nəti | adv. | which, who | |
| nəti kʰaːi | pron. | no one | |
| nəti-ye | interrog. | whose | |
| na | dem. | this (animate thing) | |
| nep | n. | grandfather | |
| n-ig-ən | vt. | second person form of 'put in' | (see also ts-ig-ən and -ig-) |
| ni-gimdzi | pron. | your own | |
| nig-i | pron. | yours plural | |
| nikʰe a-t-n̩, nikʰe-d-i; nikʰe ə-g-ən (3rd) | vi. | to laugh | |
| niku, nigu | n. | moon | |
| nimbu | n. | lemon | |
| ni-mi-n | vt. | prohibitive form of 'forget' | (see also tsə-mi-n) |
| niŋgitse / niŋtsi | n. | daughter | |
| n-ip-n̩ | vi. | second person form of 'sleep' | (see also ts-ip-n̩ and -ip-) |
| n-it-n̩ | vi. | second person form of 'say' | (see also ts-it-n̩ and -it-) |
| n-iw-ən | vi. | prohibitive form of 'go' and 'bring' | (see also -əg and əiga) |
| ni-yi | pron. | yours | |
| nõdze, nõwdze | pp. | up, above | |
| n-oɢʕ-on | vt. | second person form of 'put, set aside' | (see also ts-oɢʕ-on) |
| nok | pron. | you plural | |
| nokok, noχok | n. | maternal grandfather | |
| nu, niu | n. | person, human, man, mankind | |
| nu, nən-da | pron. | you, thou | |
| numba | n. | cow | |
| numba getse | n. | calf | |
| nupa | pp. | there | |
| nuŋ-tsi-n; nuŋ-to (imp) | vi. | to rise, get up | |
| nwatsiu | adj. | deep | |
| nya | n. | grandmother | |
| nya ə-go (imp) | vt. | to hold in two hands | |
| nyabi, nyabe | n. | mother’s brother’s wife | |
| nyam | n. | mother’s brother | |
| nyase | n. | occasion | |
| ɲãː-d-n̩, ɲãː-d-i; ɲãː ə-go (imp), ɲãː ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to lift, remove, extract, expel, pick up | |
| ɲãɴʕdi / ɲãŋdi | n. | wife | |
| ɲãɴʕdidze, ɲãɴʕdi getse | n. | human female, woman | |
| ɲ-aɴʕ-dzi | vt. | second person form of 'see' | (see also ts-aɴʕ-dzi and gaɴʕ-no) |
| ɲaq-tsi-n; ɲaq-ni-n (2nd); ɲaq-to (imp), ɲaq-nin (proh) | vi. | to wait | |
| odoq | v. | not (equative) | |
| oɢʕ-da-d-n̩, oɢʕ-da-d-i | vt. | to kill | (see also orə-d-n̩) |
| oɢʕtsi, oːʕtsi | n. | upper body, chest | |
| okti (Nep.) | n. | medicine | |
| ola-d-n̩, ola-d-i; ola-g-i (3rd) | vt. | to step on | |
| olaŋ | adj. | sweet, tasty | |
| olum | n. | pilgrim | |
| omoq, oməq / omok / omokʰ | n. | arm, wing, branch, sleeve | |
| oməq / omaχ | n. | blouse, woman’s garment | |
| õːɲi | adj. | big | |
| oɴʕla-d-n̩, oɴʕla-d-i; oɴʕla ə-go (imp) | vt. | to search for; to want | |
| oɴʕtaŋ | n. | smoking pipe | |
| oɴʕtsə, õwtsə / əũtsa | adv. | afternoon | |
| oɴʕɲi | n. | umbrella | |
| oqtsi, oɢʕtsi, oːʕtsi / okʰtsi | n. | chest | |
| orə-d-n̩, ora-d-i; orə-g-ən (3rd) | vt. | to kill | (see also oɢʕ-da-d-n̩) |
| oran bəsə | adv. | next year | |
| osenti | n. | girl | |
| otisge | n. | ghost, spirit | |
| otok | vt. | to reject | |
| pəidzi | n. | cloth, clothing | |
| pəidzi ɲãː ə-go (imp) | vt. | to undress (lit. 'remove clothing') | |
| pəidzəbo | n. | lentil (Nep. mas) | |
| pəitoba / pəitokba | n. | Damai, tailor | |
| pənahak | n. | a kind of tree (Nep. malu; Bauhinia vahlii) | |
| pəo-tsi-n | vi. | to be tired | |
| pərmə-d-n̩, pərmə-d-i | vt. | to meet | |
| pəsəo | adj. | hard | |
| pətsʰe haq | n. | leafy vegetable, green leaf | |
| pətsəidzi | adj. | upside down | |
| pətse a-d-i; pətse ə-go (imp) | vt. | to return; to give back (lit. 'do return') | |
| pətse e-d-i | vt. | to return, give back (lit. 'give return') | |
| pəwi / pəui / pəuəi | n. | bamboo | |
| pəyet | n. | leech | |
| pəyãkʰ | n. | hay | |
| pəŋga | n. | spider | |
| pəŋgyu | n. | lizard | |
| pãgo | num. | five | |
| papdore abəq | n. | a tree mushroom | |
| paː-d-i; paː ə-go (imp) | vt. | to pick, pluck | |
| paːtse / patsʰe | pp. | downhill | |
| paŋdzaŋ | num. | five | |
| pãsula (Nep.) | n. | shin | |
| pãːyi / pãi | n. | cloud | |
| pewa əgən | vt. | to scrub outside | |
| pimba ə-go (imp) | vt. | to count | |
| pimpiŋdzi | vi. | to feel drowsy | |
| pinda | adv. | before, in front of | |
| pinda duktsi | n. | eldest son | |
| pinda pinda | adv. | long ago | |
| pit ə-go (imp) | vi. | to leave, depart | |
| pita-d-i; pita-n-i (2nd); pita ə-go (imp) | vt. | to untie | |
| pitta | n. | bile | |
| piːəgu | num. | four | |
| piwə ə-go (imp), piwə ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to peel | |
| põtʰa ə-go (imp) | vt. | to jump over | |
| poχla-d-n̩, poχla-d-i, poχla ə-go (imp), poχla ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to bathe | |
| pui | n. | iguana | |
| pumba-d-n̩, pumba-d-i, pumba ə-go (imp), pumba ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to beat | |
| pumba-d-n̩, pumba-d-i; pumba ə-go (imp), pumba ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to hit, strike | |
| purano (Nep.) | adj. | old | |
| pwahan | n. | graveyard, cemetary | |
| pya | adv. | earlier | |
| pyadz (Nep.) | n. | onion | |
| pyai dəgən bəsə | adv. | last year | |
| pyai pyai | adv. | long ago | |
| pyana, pyene / peni | adv. | yesterday | |
| pyaŋdzaŋ | num. | four | |
| pʰəlaq | n. | bed | |
| pʰəu-n | vi. | to finish (be consumed) | |
| pʰəŋ, pʰ~ə ə-g-ən | vt. | to digest | |
| pʰã ə-g-ən | vt. | to help, give aid | |
| pʰeb-a-d-n̩, pʰeb-a-d-i | vt. | to make fall, knock over | |
| pʰeladəŋ | n. | lentil (Nep. gəgət) | |
| pʰelaŋ | adj. | flat | |
| pʰelãde | n. | beaten rice | |
| pʰep-a-d-n̩, pʰep-a-d-i | vt. | to drop | |
| pʰep-n̩; pʰep-to (imp), pʰeb-in (proh) | vi. | to drop, fall over | |
| pʰira-d-n̩, pʰira ə-go | vt. | to fill | |
| pʰirun, pʰirut-n̩ | v., adj. | full | |
| pʰo a-d-n̩; pʰo ə-g-ən (3rd) | vt. | to hit, strike; to shoot a gun | |
| pʰotoq / pʰoqtoχ, pʰokto | adj. | short | |
| pʰurluŋ | adj. | red | |
| pʰurpʰu-d-i; pʰurpʰu-to (imp) | vi. | to run | |
| pʰuː-dzi, pʰuː-d-i; pʰu-to (imp), pʰu-yin (proh) | vi. | to jump | |
| pʰwa ə-g-ən | vi. | to burst | |
| pʰwotoq | adj. | low | |
| pʰya ə-go (imp) | vt. | to wash clothes | |
| pʰyaksəm | n. | horse | |
| pʰyaləm | adj. | soft, mushy | |
| qəmba ə-d-i / qəmba ə-go | vt. | to pour | |
| qaɢʕtse | adv. | together | |
| qaien, qaiɢʕun, qaidzi | adj. | dry, wither | |
| qaːi / kai | n. | wind, air, steam | |
| qaːi hur-ən | vt. | to breathe (lit. throw breath) | |
| qamtsi | n. | pillow | |
| qaoli | n. | god | |
| qaːn | n. | itch | |
| qaːsn̩ | num. | one | |
| qaːs-n̩ | vi. | to tear, be torn | |
| qasə-d-i | vt. | to tear, rip off | |
| qasti, qaːsn̩ | num. | one | |
| qasə-d-i | vt. | to tear | |
| qato / katəu | adj. | bitter | |
| qatraq | n. | son-in-law | |
| qau-ən | vi. | to decay | |
| qau-da-d-n̩, qau-da-d-i; qauda ə-go (imp) | vt. | to make decay | |
| qaudzi | adj. | rotten | |
| qawai | n. | jackal | |
| qayo | n. | skirt | |
| qoɢʕe-d-n̩, qoɢʕe-d-i, qoɢʕe-d-u | vt. | to argue | |
| qomə-d-i | vi. | to move from one place to another | |
| qomba-a-t-n̩, qomba-a-d-i; qomba ə-go (imp) | vt. | to move, pour from one container to another | |
| qon | vt. | imperative form of 'drink' | (see also ts-oɴʕ-on) |
| qotu / kotou, koʈou | n. | bird | |
| qotu uhu | n. | bird’s beak | |
| qotu wi | n. | nest | |
| qoturaq | adv. | day after tomorrow | |
| qʰai-d-n̩, qʰai-dzi-n; qʰai-ni-n (2nd); qʰai-to (imp), qʰai-nin (proh) | vi. | to fear, be frightened | |
| rəktsa / rəktsʰya | n. | Chettri | |
| rənta | n. | swing | |
| rəŋgunda / rəmkuna | n. | pumpkin | |
| rãko, raŋkwa | n. | millet | |
| rambenda (Nep.) | n. | tomato | |
| ran | n. | millet | |
| ruga (Nep.) | n. | nasal mucus | |
| ruːə-d-i; ruːə-go (imp) | vt. | to pull, drag | |
| sə ə-go (imp) | vi. | to bow; to salute | |
| səi | n. | bear | |
| səmba | adv. | after, later, behind | |
| səmba | n. | buttocks | |
| səmtoq | n. | squirrel | |
| səũli, s~əli | n. | pine tree | |
| sabe | pp. | there, that direction | |
| sa.am / sam | n. | star | |
| sali bai | n. | third elder sister | |
| s-aɴʕ-an; haɴʕ-no (imp) | vi. | to sit | |
| sat | n. | comb | |
| sat ipi bənə-d-i | vt. | to comb hair | |
| segu (Nep.) | n. | rain shield | |
| sen | n. | paddy | |
| seː-d-n̩, seː-d-i; seː ə-go (imp) | vt. | to catch | |
| siba, siwa | adv. | quickly, fast | |
| sib-a-d-n̩, sib-a-d-i; sib-a ə-go (imp), sib-a ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to enter, pass through | |
| sidzaŋ | n. | beer, brew | |
| simi (Nep.) | n. | beans | |
| sip-n̩, sip-tsi-n; sip-to (imp), sip-in (proh) | vi. | to enter | |
| sisen / sisin | n. | paddy, rice field | |
| siŋki | n. | eagle | |
| sodzaq | greet. | hello, greetings | |
| sok ə-go | vi. | to graze | |
| soksogərəm, soksodi | adj. | black | |
| sola-d-n̩, sola-d-i; sola ə-go (imp), sola ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to break (as a pencil) | |
| solo-q-n̩ | vi. | to break in two | |
| soq-a-d-n̩, soq-a-d-i; soq-a-go (imp) | vt. | to cause to climb | |
| soq-n̩, soq-tsi-n; soq-ni-n (2nd); soq-to (imp) | vi. | to climb | |
| soqdzi yi | n. | ladder | |
| sowa-d-n̩, sowa-d-i, sowa-go | vt. | to wash pots | |
| supo | n. | winnowing tray | |
| suta, sutta | n. | rope, string, thread | |
| swəttei / swəttəi | adv. | all | |
| sya ə-go (imp) | vt. | to hold tightly | |
| təinan bəsə | adv. | this year | |
| təmbə-d-n̩, təmbə-d-i; tambə ə-go (imp) | vt. | to send | |
| tən-da | pron. | accusative form of first person pronoun | |
| təwa | n. | this side | |
| təwa | pp. | to here | |
| təĩna, təndin / təndiŋ | adv. | today | |
| t-əm-ən; n-əm-ən (2nd); am, am-to (imp), n-əm-in (proh) | vt. | to eat | |
| ta | dem. | this (inanimate things) | |
| tahu-dzi | vi. | to reach | |
| tap | n. | chicken | |
| tap getse | n. | chick | |
| tap gimi | n. | hen | |
| tap gya | n. | rooster, cock | |
| tape, tapye | pp. | here; to this direction | |
| taqsi | n. | boys and girls | |
| tasin, tasi | n. | bush | |
| taŋ | n. | rain, water | |
| taŋ dziu-n, dziu-t-n̩ | vi. | to leak | |
| taŋ pəiyo | n. | thirst (lit. 'thirst water') | |
| tei saŋ-dzi | vi. | to remain | |
| teisa | pp. | here | |
| tigi-i | pron. | ours | |
| toba ə-d-i; toba ə-go (imp) | vt. | to sew | |
| tok | pron. | we | |
| toldok | n. | rice milk | |
| t-oɢʕ-an; oɢʕ-do (imp), nə-du (imp), n-oɢʕə-yin (proh) | vi. | to die | |
| toɢʕon | adv. | day before yesterday | |
| tu | n. | snake, bug, insect | |
| tuba-o (imp) | vt. | to extinguish | |
| t-ug-un; əga (imp), n-ug-in (proh) | vi. | to come | |
| t-uk-an; n-ukan (imp) | vt. | to know | |
| tul-tsi-n; tul-ni-n (2nd); tul-to (imp), tulə-yin (proh) | vi. | to dress | |
| tul-a-d-n̩, tul-a-d-i / tul-a ə-go (imp) | vt. | to dress someone | |
| tumbə-d-n̩, tumbə-d-i | vt. | to finish | |
| tut | n. | bow | |
| twi | n. | bee | |
| twi-yi gidaŋ | n. | honey | |
| tʰəwə / tʰəwa | n. | place | |
| tʰal (Nep.) | n. | plate | |
| tʰamdzi | pp. | between | |
| tʰamdzi | vt. | to pierce (by a thorn) | |
| tʰumən yeŋgu | n. | mortar | |
| ts-ə ə-d-n̩, ts-ə ə-d-i; n-ə ə-n-i (2nd) | vi. | to talk, speak | |
| ts-əg-ən; n-əg-ən (2nd); d-əg-əi (3rd); da (imp), n-iw-ən (proh) | vi. | to go | |
| tsə-mi-n, tsə-mi-di; ni-mi-di (2nd); miː-to (imp), ni-mi-n (proh) | vt. | to forget | |
| tsəmaq | n. | steel for striking fire | |
| tsəmaq tʰagən yeŋgu | n. | flint (lit. steel striking stone) | |
| tsəmək | n. | tinder, fire fibers | |
| ts-aɴʕ-dzi; ɲ-aɴʕ-dzi (2nd); g-aɴʕ-dzi (3rd); gaɴʕ-no (imp) | vt. | to see, look | |
| tsi | vi. | to be (locational) | |
| tsi, tən-da | pron. | I | |
| tsidan | n. | credit | |
| ts-iw-ən, ts-i-d-i; əiga (imp), n-iw-ən (proh) | vt. | to fetch; to bring | |
| ts-ig-ən; n-ig-ən (2nd) | vt. | to put in (Nep. hal-nu) | |
| tsi-gimdzi | pron. | my own | |
| tsilip ə-g-ən (3rd); tsilip ə-go (imp) | vt. | to squeeze, wring, to milk | |
| tsim tsim ə-g-ən | v. | to feel | |
| tsimə-d-i, tsimə ə-go | vt. | to touch | |
| tsini (Nep.) | n. | sugar | |
| tsinu | n. | a kind of tree | |
| ts-ip-n̩; n-ip-n̩ (2nd); g-ip-n̩ (3rd); ip-to (imp) | vi. | to sleep | |
| tsirma-t-n̩, tsirma-d-i; tsirma ə-go (imp) | vt. | to recognize | |
| ts-it-n̩; n-it-n̩ (2nd); i-dzi (3rd) | vi. | to say (quotative) | |
| ts-iw-ən | vt. | to bring | |
| tsi-yi | pron. | mine | |
| ts-oɢʕ-on; n-oɢʕ-on (2nd); g-oɢʕ-on (3rd) | vt. | to put, set aside | |
| ts-oɴʕ-on; at-to (imp) | vt. | to say | |
| ts-oɴʕ-ən; qon (imp), n-oɴʕ ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to drink | |
| tsu / tsiu | vi. | to be (existential) | |
| tsula (Nep.) | n. | firepit | |
| tsya | n. | tea | |
| tsʰãːn, tsʰãː-d-i, tsʰãː ə-g-ən | vt. | to tie, bind | |
| tsʰut ə-g-ən | vt. | to cross river | |
| ubə-go (imp) | vt. | to blow | |
| uhu, u.u | n. | tooth | |
| ukʰi-q-n̩ | vi. | to ruin | |
| ukʰə ə-g-ən | vt. | to ruin | |
| ulum-to (imp) | vi. | to roam | |
| umbə a-t-n̩, umbə a-d-i; umbə ə-go (imp) | vt. | to call | |
| un | n. | trail, road | |
| un, uŋ | n. | road, path, trail | |
| unda-d-n̩, un-da-d-i; unda ə-go (imp) | vt. | to show | |
| unibai uŋnibai | n. | eldest sister | |
| upto / opʈo | n. | knee, kneecap | |
| uris (Nep.) | n. | bedbug | |
| usni | n. | girl | |
| wak (Nep.) | n. | vomit | |
| waŋ | n. | firefly | |
| wen, weyən | adj. | good | |
| wi / uhi, ui | n. | house | |
| witʰu / oitʰəu | adj. | slippery | |
| witʰu dum | n. | mud | |
| yəi / ei | n. | father | |
| ya ə-go | vt. | to spread, make a bed | |
| ya.a / yakʰ, yaχ | n. | straw mat (Nep. ghundro) | |
| yaɢʕsi, yaːqsi / yase | n. | lower back, waist | |
| yaɢʕu, yaːʕu / yaχəu | adj. | cold (weather) | |
| yaq | n. | hail, snow | |
| yaqa, yakʰa, yaχa | n. | porcupine | |
| yaŋ | n. | shit, dung | |
| yaŋ ə-g-ən / yã ə-g-ən (3rd); yã ə-go (imp), yã ə-yin (proh) | vt. | to defecate | |
| yaŋbəru / yaŋburu | n. | Kumal | |
| yãtsa | n. | father’s younger brother | |
| yebu | n. | yam | |
| yegəmba | n. | civet cat | |
| yegəmbu | n. | Magar | |
| yekʰolak, yakələk | adj. | dumb | |
| yen | n. | foot, leg | |
| yen amba | n. | thigh (lit. 'leg meat') | |
| yen gidət / yen gitət | n. | shoe (lit. 'foot leather') | |
| yeodze | adv. | now, one moment | |
| yerəŋ ə-go | vt. | to make tight | |
| yeŋ dəi ə-g-ən | vt. | to kick (lit 'hit with leg') | |
| yeŋgu | n. | coin (lit. stone) | |
| yeŋgu / yiŋgu | n. | stone, pestle | |
| yeŋgu əota | n. | cave (lit. stone door) | |
| yeŋgut / yiŋgut | n. | rat, weasel, mouse | |
| -yi, -hi, -gi | aff. | genitive | |
| yibiu ə-g-ən | vt. | to scratch | |
| yiː / ihi | n. | tree | |
| yolaq | adj. | soft | |
| yowən | vi. | to ripen | |
| yuŋ-tsi-n, yuŋ-tsi-du; yuŋ-to (imp) | vi. | to lie down | |
| yuŋsũ / gusuŋ | n. | tail |
Kusunda word list from Aaley & Bodt (2019):[2]
| No. | English gloss | Kusunda | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | above | ɐɴ.ʣe | |
| 2 | all | swɐ.te | |
| 3 | the ant | bi.ki | |
| 4 | the armpit | ka.kʰi | < NEP कािख kākhi ‘armpit’ |
| 5 | bad | qo.lum | |
| 6 | the bamboo | pɐ.we | |
| 7 | the barley (Tibetan or highland) | gi.sa.la | |
| 8 | to be alive | əj.gi | |
| 9 | the belly | ge.mɐt | |
| 10 | below, under | ɐ.me | |
| 11 | big | bɐ.ʦʰe | |
| 12 | the bird | qo.tow | |
| 13 | to bite | kʰɐm | |
| 14 | black | sok.sok | |
| 15 | the blood | lɐ.pa | |
| 16 | to blow (of wind) | qɐj u | WIND + COME |
| 17 | the body hair (hair or fur) | gi | |
| 18 | the bone | gu.hu | |
| 19 | the branch | ji o.moq | TREE + UPPER ARM |
| 20 | the breast (female) | ɐm.bu | |
| 21 | to burn | huɴ | |
| 22 | to buy | ʣɐk | |
| 23 | to chew | – | descriptive, repetition of ‘bite’ = chew |
| 24 | the child (young human) | gə.ʦeː | |
| 25 | the cloud | bɐm | |
| 26 | cold (of temperature) | jɐ.ɢɐw | cold of weather / temperature |
| 27 | to come | u | |
| 28 | correct (right) | wen | = GOOD; with /e/ realised following /w, j/ |
| 29 | to count | pim.ba | |
| 30 | to cry (weep) | ʣʰɐm | |
| 31 | dark | – | concept does not exist, only ‘dusk’ (lit. SUN+NEG.EXIT.COP), midnight, evening etc. |
| 32 | the daughter | niŋ gə.ʦeː | DAUGHTER (?) + CHILD |
| 33 | the dew | – | does not exist, new compounds are made based on FALL + WATER, STAY + WATER etc. |
| 34 | to die | oɢ.da | |
| 35 | to dig | mek | |
| 36 | dirty | hu.ji.gɐn | hu.jiː = ‘dirt, dust’, also verb ‘be dirty’ |
| 37 | the dog | ɐ.gəj | |
| 38 | the dream | maq | |
| 39 | to drink | qɔn | |
| 40 | dry | qɐj | actually, root of the verb ‘dry, wither’. No consensus about adj. suffix. |
| 41 | the dust | hu.ji | = DIRT |
| 42 | the ear | jəw | |
| 43 | early | si.ba | |
| 44 | the earth (soil) | dum | = MUD |
| 45 | the earthworm | aj.ni | |
| 46 | to eat | ɐm | |
| 47 | the egg | gwa | |
| 48 | eight | at | < NEP आठ āṭh ‘eight’ |
| 49 | the eye | i.nəŋ | |
| 50 | far | hun.tow | |
| 51 | the father | jej | |
| 52 | the feather | ɐ.hun | = WING |
| 53 | to fight | li.mu | |
| 54 | the fire | ʣa | |
| 55 | firewood | dəj.ʣi | |
| 56 | the fish | nɐ.sa | |
| 57 | five | pa.gu | |
| 58 | the flea | bul.ʦʰum | |
| 59 | to float | – | concept does not exist? |
| 60 | to flow | – | noun + verb compound WATER + GO |
| 61 | the flower | ge.pan | |
| 62 | to fly (move through air) | hu | |
| 63 | the fog | – | concept does not exist? |
| 64 | the foot | jen | = LEG |
| 65 | the forest | gi.lɐŋ | |
| 66 | to forget | mi | |
| 67 | four | pi.gu | |
| 68 | the fox | qa.wəj | act. any kind of wild dog, incl. dhole, wild dog, jackal |
| 69 | the frog | bɐm.lu | |
| 70 | the front (front side) | pin.da | |
| 71 | the frost | jaq | = SNOW, HAIL, ICE |
| 72 | the fruit | ʣoŋ.ʣɐŋ | |
| 73 | full | pʰi.ru.t.n | |
| 74 | to give | e | |
| 75 | the goat | ɐj.ʣi.ki | also ‘goral’ |
| 76 | good | wen | |
| 77 | the grass | – | concept does not exist, either NEP loan or word derived from Gorkha vocabulary |
| 78 | green | hɐ.rə.gun | < NEP हिरयो hariyō ‘green’ |
| 79 | the hail | jaq | = SNOW, ICE, FROST |
| 80 | the hair (of the head) | i.pi gi | = HEAD + HAIR |
| 81 | the hand | a.wəj | |
| 82 | hard | pɐ.sɔw | |
| 83 | he or she | gi.na | = THAT |
| 84 | the head | i.pi | |
| 85 | to hear | mɐm.bə | |
| 86 | the heart | gɔ.blɔk | |
| 87 | heavy | liŋ.wa | |
| 88 | here | təj.sa | |
| 89 | to hide (conceal) | hʲɔq | |
| 90 | high / tall | gʰop.ba | |
| 91 | to hold | siː | |
| 92 | the hoof | – | do not remember |
| 93 | horizontal | – | concept does not exist? |
| 94 | the horn (keratinized skin) | – | do not remember |
| 95 | the horse | pʰek.sɐm | ‘pack animal’ |
| 96 | hot | gʰɐ.rɐw | < NEP गरम gāram ‘hot’ |
| 97 | the house | wu.hi | |
| 98 | hundred | sɐj | < NEP सय say ‘one hundred’ |
| 99 | to hunt | pɐ.də | |
| 100 | the husband | du.hi | |
| 101 | I | ʦi | |
| 102 | the ice | jaq | = SNOW, FROST, HAIL |
| 103 | inside | ɐɴ | |
| 104 | to kill | ɔɢ.da ɐ.go | = DIE + DO (causative of ‘die’ = ‘kill’) |
| 105 | to knead | ʣɔk | |
| 106 | the knee | up.to | |
| 107 | knife | qo.le | |
| 108 | to know (something) | ʦir.ma | act. ‘know, recognise’? Root of ‘know’ is elusive. |
| 109 | the lake | – | concept does not exist? |
| 110 | late | mɐ.lɐŋ | |
| 111 | to laugh | ni.kʰe | ni thought original |
| 112 | the leaf | haq | |
| 113 | to learn | lɐm.ba | |
| 114 | left | – | concept does not exist? |
| 115 | to lick | lɐk | |
| 116 | to lie down | mu.roŋ | |
| 117 | light (of weight) | kaɴ.wər | |
| 118 | the lip (the lips) | – | concept does not exist? |
| 119 | the liver | i.dow | |
| 120 | long | lɐŋ | second syllable uncertain |
| 121 | the louse | kiː | |
| 122 | the lung | – | no consensus, may be syn. with HEART? |
| 123 | the man (male human) | du.hi gə.ʦe | HUSBAND + CHILD |
| 124 | many | mə.ni | |
| 125 | to marry (a man marries a woman) | nɐ.bə | |
| 126 | the meat | ɐm.ba | |
| 127 | middle | gi.ʣat | rhyme -at seen as original |
| 128 | the moon | ni.ku | |
| 129 | morning | – | compounds / descriptive |
| 130 | the mosquito | – | concept does not exist? |
| 131 | the mother | mɐj | |
| 132 | the mountain | di.bɐŋ | |
| 133 | the mouse or rat | jɛŋ.gut | |
| 134 | the mouth | ɐ.ta | |
| 135 | the mud | dum | = EARTH (SOIL) |
| 136 | the nail (fingernail or claw) | ɐw.si | |
| 137 | the name | gi.ʣe | |
| 138 | narrow | – | concept does not exist, use SMALL |
| 139 | near | is.ta | |
| 140 | the neck | hɐŋ.ki | |
| 141 | the needle (for sewing) | ər.ʦʰa | |
| 142 | new | ʣeŋ.n | |
| 143 | nine | nɐw | < NEP नौ nau ‘nine’ |
| 144 | the nit | ʣoɴ.ok | |
| 145 | noon | oɴ.ʦa | |
| 146 | the nose | i.now | |
| 147 | old (of person) | dəj.ja | |
| 148 | one | qɐs.ti | |
| 149 | the otter | – | do not remember |
| 150 | outside | baɴ.ʣa | |
| 151 | the pig | hi | |
| 152 | to plant (vegetables, rice) | lɐ.bə | |
| 153 | to play | li.buŋ | |
| 154 | to pull | ru | |
| 155 | to push | dʰu.sə | |
| 156 | the rain | tɐŋ | = WATER |
| 157 | the rainbow | – | concept does not exist? |
| 158 | red | kʰɐ.rə.gun | |
| 159 | to reside (live) | haɴ | |
| 160 | the rice plant | si.sin | |
| 161 | right | – | concept does not exist? |
| 162 | the river | – | do not remember |
| 163 | the road | un | |
| 164 | the root | go.dok | |
| 165 | the rope | su.ta | |
| 166 | round | gu.luŋ | |
| 167 | to run | pʰur.pʰur | |
| 168 | the salt | hu.ki | |
| 169 | salty | hu.ki ɐm | SALT + EAT |
| 170 | the sand | gə.li | |
| 171 | to scratch | – | no consensus |
| 172 | the sea | – | concept does not exist |
| 173 | to see | gɐɴ | |
| 174 | the seed | – | concept does not exist? |
| 175 | seven | sat | < NEP सात sāt ‘seven’ |
| 176 | sharp | qan | |
| 177 | the sheep | gʰo.loq | |
| 178 | to shoot (an arrow) | pʰo | |
| 179 | short | pʰok.tok | |
| 180 | the shoulder | – | do not remember |
| 181 | shy | kʰe | |
| 182 | the sickle | ba.kʰa | (also: woodpecker) |
| 183 | to sing | mɐŋ.la | |
| 184 | six | ʦʰaː | < NEP छ cha ‘six’ |
| 185 | the skin | gi.tət | |
| 186 | the sky | – | do not remember or does not exist? |
| 187 | to sleep | ip | |
| 188 | small | huŋ.kəj | |
| 189 | to smell (perceive odor) | gən.ʣi | |
| 190 | the smoke | di.mi | |
| 191 | smooth | – | concept does not exist? |
| 192 | the snake | tuk | |
| 193 | the snow | jaq | = ICE, FROST, HAIL |
| 194 | soft | jo.lɐq | |
| 195 | the son | duk.ʦi | |
| 196 | the sparrow | – | concept does not exist or don’t remember? |
| 197 | the spider | pɐŋ.ga | |
| 198 | to spit | ɐ.ta gi.tɐŋ hur.rə | = MOUTH + LIQUID + THROW AWAY |
| 199 | to stand | dʰuŋ | |
| 200 | the star | sa.ɢɐm | |
| 201 | to steal | ki.la | |
| 202 | the stick | dəŋ.ga | |
| 203 | the stone (a piece of) | jeŋ.gu | |
| 204 | straight | – | concept does not exist, use descriptive? |
| 205 | the sun | i.jəŋ | |
| 206 | the tail | suŋ | first syllable is unclear |
| 207 | ten | das | < NEP दस das ‘ten’ |
| 208 | that | gi.na | = HE, SHE (3RD PERSON SINGULAR) |
| 209 | there | – | no consensus |
| 210 | thick | gʰəj.ni | |
| 211 | the thigh | o.dok | |
| 212 | thin (object) | ke.kʰɐŋ | |
| 213 | to think (reflect) | im.bə | |
| 214 | this | na | |
| 215 | thou | nu | |
| 216 | three | da.hɐt | |
| 217 | to throw | hur.rə | |
| 218 | the thunder | – | concept does not exist or don’t remember? |
| 219 | the tiger | meq | |
| 220 | today | – | no consensus |
| 221 | tomorrow | gu.rɐq | |
| 222 | the tongue | i.ʣəŋ | |
| 223 | the tooth (front) | u.hu | |
| 224 | the tree | ji | may be < i.jiː |
| 225 | twenty | bis | < NEP |
| 226 | two | du.kʰu | |
| 227 | to vomit | – | concept does not exist or don’t remember? |
| 228 | to walk | – | no consensus |
| 229 | the water | tɐŋ | = RAIN |
| 230 | we | tok | |
| 231 | wet | ʣʰok | |
| 232 | what | nɐ.t.n | |
| 233 | the wheat | kʰɐ.ru.gu.hi | |
| 234 | where | hɐm.pe | |
| 235 | white | ka.si | |
| 236 | who | nə.ti | |
| 237 | the wife | neŋ.ɐ.di | |
| 238 | the wind | qɐj | |
| 239 | the wing | ɐ.hun | = FEATHER |
| 240 | to wipe | – | no consensus |
| 241 | the wolf | – | concept does not exist, cf. FOX |
| 242 | the woman | neŋ.ɐ.di gə.ʦe | = WIFE + CHILD |
| 243 | the wood (material) | – | specific concept does notexist? Either TREE or FIREWOOD? |
| 244 | to sow (broadcast, scatter seeds) | – | concept does not exist |
| 245 | the year | bɐr.saː | < NEP बषर् barṣa ‘year’ |
| 246 | yellow | – | descriptive terms, noconsensus |
| 247 | yesterday | pe | |
| 248 | you | nɔk | |
| 249 | young | ma.ɢa.ʦʰe | |
| 250 | the shit | jeŋ |
| Vocabulary lists of Indo-Pacific languages |
|---|
| Papuan |
|
p-Trans-New Guinea • p-Northern Adelbert • p-Sogeram • Bayono-Awbono • Paniai Lakes • Kolopom • Bulaka River • Pauwasi • p-South Bougainville • p-Lower Sepik • p-Watam-Awar-Gamay • p-Lakes Plain • p-North Halmahera • p-Timor-Alor-Pantar • p-Alor-Pantar • Tayap • Massep |
| Australian |
|
North Australian (basic) • p-Nyulnyulan • p-Mirndi • p-Gunwinyguan • Limilngan • Umbugarla • Minkin • Tiwi • Malak-Malak • Pama-Nyungan • p-Pama-Nyungan • p-Arandic • p-Thura-Yura • p-Ngayarda |
| Others |
|
p-Dravidian • Dravidian • Bonda • Kusunda • Nihali • Kenaboi • p-Ongan |