Appendix:Middle Korean hanja readings

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Middle Korean hanja readings

Readings in this list are compiled based on 훈몽자회/訓蒙字會 (1527 AD). Graphical variants found in 훈몽자회/訓蒙字會 are enclosed in brackets.

  1. Syllables with the single dot 방점 (bangjeom) 〮 correspond to 去聲 / 去声 (qùshēng) in Middle Chinese.
  2. Syllables with the double dot 방점 (bangjeom) 〯 correspond to 上聲 / 上声 in Middle Chinese.
  3. Undotted syllables that do not have the final consonants , , (b, g, l) correspond to 平聲 / 平声 (píngshēng) in Middle Chinese.
  4. Undotted syllables that end with any of the final consonants , , (b, g, l) correspond to 入聲 / 入声 (rùshēng) in Middle Chinese.
(ka) , , ,
가ᇰ (kang) , , , , , , , ,
가ᇰ〮 (káng)
가ᇰ〯 (kǎng)
가〯 ()
(kak)
각〮 (kák) , , ,
(kan) ,
간〯 (kǎn)
갈〮 (kál)
(kam)
감〯 (kǎm) ,
갑〮 (káp)
(kay)
개〯 (kǎy)
(ke) 𪆂, ,
거〯 () 𦼫,
(ken)
걸〮 (kél) ,
검〯 (kěm)
겁〮 (kép)
겨ᇰ (kyeng) , , , , , , , , ,
겨ᇰ〮 (kyéng)
겨ᇰ〯 (kyěng) 𥣻, , ,
격〮 (kyék) ,
(kyen) ,
견〯 (kyěn) ,
(kyem)
(kyey) , , , , ,
계〯 (kyěy) , , , ,
(kwo) , , , , , , , ,
고ᇰ (kwong) , , ,
고〮 (kwó) ,
고〯 (kwǒ) 𦍩, , ,
(kwok) , ,
곡〮 (kwók) 𦚼, ,
(kwon) ,
곤〯 (kwǒn)
골〮 (kwól) ,
(kwa) , , , ,
과ᇰ (kwang) 𦚞, 𨴑, ,
과〮 (kwá)
과〯 (kwǎ) ,
곽〮 (kwák)
(kwan) , , , ,
관〮 (kwán) ,
관〯 (kwǎn)
괄〮 (kwál) 𦸈
(kwoy)
괴ᇰ (kwoyng)
괴〯 (kwǒy)
(kywo) , , ,
교〯 (kywǒ) , , ,
(kwu) , , , , , , , , , , , ,
구ᇰ (kwung)
구〮 (kwú)
구〯 (kwǔ) , , , , , , ,
(kwuk) ,
국〮 (kwúk) , , , ,
(kwun) , ,
(kwen) ,
권〯 (kwěn)
궐〮 (kwél) , ,
(kwey) 𪀗
(kwuy)
귀〯 (kwǔy)
(kywu) , , , ,
(kywun)
균〮 (kywún)
균〯 (kywǔn)
귤〮 (kywúl)
그ᇰ (kung)
(kuk)
극〮 (kúk) 𣗥
(kun) ,
근〯 (kǔn) 槿
(kum)
금〯 (kǔm)
(kuy) , , , , ,
긔〮 (kúy) 𨪆
긔〯 (kǔy)
(ki) ,
기〯 () , ,
길〮 (kíl)
끈〯 (kkǔn)
나〯 ()
(nam) , , ,
납〮 (náp) 𦠼
내〯 (nǎy) , ,
냐ᇰ (nyang) ,
(nye)
(nyen)
(nwo)
노ᇰ (nwong) , ,
노〯 (nwǒ)
뇨〯 (nywǒ) 尿,
뉴〮 (nywú) ⿰孛殳
(ni) ,
니〯 ()
(nik)
(ta)
다ᇰ (tang) , , , , , ,
(tan) , ,
단〯 (tǎn) ,
(tal)
달〮 (tál) , ,
(tam) , , ,
담〯 (tǎm)
댜ᇰ (tyang) ,
(tye) , ,
뎌ᇰ (tyeng) , , , , , , , ,
뎌ᇰ〯 (tyěng)
뎌〯 (tyě) ,
(tyek)
뎍〮 (tyék) , ,
(tyen) , , ,
뎐〯 (tyěn) , , 殿, , ,
뎜〯 (tyěm)
뎝〮 (tyép)
(tyey) 𧀰, , , , , ,
뎨〯 (tyěy) , , , ,
(two) , , , , ,
도ᇰ (twong) 𧓕, , , , , ,
도ᇰ〯 (twǒng) , , , ,
도〮 (twó)
도〯 (twǒ) , , ,
(twok)
독〮 (twók) , , , ,
(twon) , ,
돈〯 (twǒn) ,
(twol)
(tywo) , , , ,
(twu) 𤅋, , ,
두〮 (twú) 𥆖, , ,
(twun) ,
(tywu) ,
듀〮 (tywú)
듀〯 (tywǔ) , ,
듁〮 (tywúk)
드ᇰ (tung) , ,
(ti) ,
디〮 ()
딘〯 (tǐn)
딜〮 (tíl) , , ,
(la) ,
라ᇰ (lang) , , ,
라ᇰ〯 (lǎng)
(lan) , , ,
란〯 (lǎn)
(lam)
랴ᇰ (lyang) 𥞹, , ,
러ᇰ〮 (léng)
(lek)
(lye) , , , ,
려ᇰ (lyeng) , ,
려ᇰ〮 (lyéng)
려ᇰ〯 (lyěng)
려〮 (lyé)
려〯 (lyě)
(lyek)
력〮 (lyék)
(lyen) ,
렬〮 (lyél)
(lyem)
렴〯 (lyěm)
렵〮 (lyép)
(lyey) ,
례〮 (lyéy) ,
례〯 (lyěy)
(lwo) 𤬛, , , , , ,
로ᇰ (lwong) ,
로〮 (lwó)
로〯 (lwǒ) , , ,
록〮 (lwók) 鹿,
(lwoy) ,
뢰〮 (lwóy)
뢰〯 (lwǒy)
(lywo) , ,
료ᇰ (lywong)
료〯 (lywǒ) ,
(lwu) 𧁾, , , ,
루〯 (lwǔ)
(lywu) , , ,
류〮 (lywú)
륙〮 (lywúk)
륙〯 (lywǔk)
(lywun)
률〮 (lywúl) ,
르ᇰ (lung) , ,
르ᇰ〯 (lǔng)
르〯 ()
(luk)
륵〮 (lúk) , ,
름〯 (lǔm) ,
(li) ⿱牧⿸厂女, , , , , ,
리〯 () , ,
(lin) ,
(lim) ,
(ma) 𪎭, , , , ,
마ᇰ〮 (máng)
마ᇰ〯 (mǎng)
마〯 () ,
막〮 (mák)
(man) , , ,
만〯 (mǎn)
말〮 (mál)
며ᇰ (myeng) 𣙣,
며ᇰ〯 (myěng) ,
(myen)
면〯 (myěn) ,
멸〮 (myél) 𧓡,
(mwo) , , , ,
모ᇰ (mwong) ,
모ᇰ〯 (mwǒng)
모〯 (mwǒ) , , , , , , ,
목〮 (mwók) ⿱牧鳥, , ,
(mywo)
묘〯 (mywǒ)
(mwu) , ,
무〯 (mwǔ) ,
(mwun) , ,
믁〮 (múk)
(mi) , , , , , ,
미〯 ()
(min)
민〮 (mín)
바ᇰ (pang) , , , , , ,
바ᇰ〯 (pǎng) ,
박〮 (pák) , , ,
(pan)
반〯 (pǎn)
발〮 (pál)
(pen) ,
법〮 (pép)
벽〮 (pyék) , , , , ,
(pyen) 𧰏,
(pyel)
별〮 (pyél)
보ᇰ (pwong) , , ,
보ᇰ〯 (pwǒng)
보〯 (pwǒ) ,
복〮 (pwók) , , , , , ,
(pwu) , , , , , , , ,
부〮 (pwú) , , , , ,
부〯 (pwǔ) 𦉓, , , 簿, , , ,
(pwun) , ,
분〮 (pwún)
분〯 (pwǔn) ,
불〮 (pwúl)
브ᇰ (pung) ,
(puk)
븍〮 (púk)
(pi) 𣬈, , , , , , , ,
비ᇰ (ping) , ,
비ᇰ〯 (pǐng) 𩯭,
비〮 () 𩩙
비〯 () , , , , , , ,
(pin) , ,
(sa) , ,
사ᇰ (sang) ,
사ᇰ〯 (sǎng) , ,
삭〮 (sák)
(san) ,
산〮 (sán)
산〯 (sǎn)
(sang)
(sya)
샤ᇰ (syang) ,
샤ᇰ〮 (syáng) , , , ,
샤〯 (syǎ) ,
샥〮 (syák)
(sel)
(sye) ⿰舒鳥, , , , 西
셔ᇰ (syeng) , , , ,
셔ᇰ〯 (syěng)
셔〮 (syé)
셔〯 (syě) 𧑓, , , , , , , , , ,
셕〮 (syék) , , , ,
(syen) , , ,
션〯 (syěn) , , , ,
셜〮 (syél)
셜〯 (syěl)
(syem)
(syey)
셰〯 (syěy)
(swo)
소〯 (swǒ)
속〮 (swók)
(swon) , ,
(swol)
솨ᇰ (swang)
(swan) 𣟴
솬〯 (swǎn)
(sywo) , , ,
쇼ᇰ (sywong) 𪀚, ,
쇼〯 (sywǒ) 𥬇, ,
(swu) ,
수〯 (swǔ) , , ,
숸〮 (swén)
(sywu) , ,
슈〮 (sywú) , , , ,
슈〯 (sywǔ)
슉〮 (sywúk) , , ,
(sywun) , ,
슌〯 (sywǔn) , , ,
스ᇰ (sung) ,
슬〮 (súl) ,
(suy) 𧲣,
(si) , ,
시〮 () ,
시〯 () 𡱁, , , ,
식〮 (sík)
(sin) , , , , , , , ,
신〮 (sín)
신〯 (sǐn) 䪿, ,
실〮 (síl) ,
(sim) ⿱㚘髙, ,
심〯 (sǐm) ,
(ssywun)
(a) , , , ,
아ᇰ (ang) ,
악〮 (ák) ,
(an) ,
안〯 (ǎn) , ,
알〮 (ál) ,
(am) , ,
(ap)
(ay) ,
애〯 (ǎy) , ,
(ya)
야ᇰ (yang) , , , ,
야〯 () ,
약〮 (yák)
(e)
어〮 (é)
(ek)
억〮 (ék)
언〯 (ěn) ,
얼〮 (él) , ,
엄〯 (ěm) ,
(ye) ,
여ᇰ (yeng) , , ,
여ᇰ〮 (yéng)
여ᇰ〯 (yěng)
여〯 ()
역〮 (yék) , , , ,
(yen) , , , , , , ,
연〮 (yén)
(yem) , , 檿,
염〯 (yěm)
(yey) , , ,
예〯 (yěy) ,
(wo) 𦶀, , , 洿, , , , ,
오ᇰ (wong) 𪄉,
오ᇰ〯 (wǒng)
오〯 () ,
옥〮 (wók)
(won)
(wa) , , , , ,
와ᇰ (wang) ,
(wan)
완〯 (wǎn) ,
(woy) ,
외〮 (wóy)
(ywo) ,
요ᇰ (ywong) , ,
요ᇰ〯 (ywǒng) ,
요〯 (ywǒ)
(wu) , , ,
우〯 () , , , , , ,
욱〮 (wúk)
(wun)
울〮 (wúl)
(wen) 𫞤, , , , , , , , , 黿
원〯 (wěn) 𫟍,
월〮 (wél)
(wuy) , , , ,
위〮 (wúy)
위〯 (wǔy)
(ywu) , , , , , ,
유ᇰ (ywung)
유〮 (ywú)
유〯 (ywǔ) , , ,
윤〯 (ywǔn)
으ᇰ (ung) ,
으ᇰ〮 (úng)
을〮 (úl)
(um) , (),
(up)
읍〮 (úp)
(uy) ,
의〯 (ǔy) ,
(i) , , , ,
이ᇰ〯 (ǐng)
이〮 (í) ,
인〮 (ín) , ,
자ᇰ〯 (cǎng)
자〯 () ,
작〮 (cák)
잡〮 (cáp) ,
(cya) 𣙁
쟈ᇰ (cyang) , , ,
쟈ᇰ〯 (cyǎng) , , ,
쟈〯 (cyǎ)
쟉〮 (cyák) , ,
(cyang)
적〮 (cék)
(cye) , , ,
져ᇰ (cyeng) , ,
져ᇰ〯 (cyěng)
져〯 (cyě)
(cyek)
젹〮 (cyék)
(cyen) ,
졀〮 (cyél) ,
(cyem)
(cyeng)
(cyey) 𫊖, ,
졔〯 (cyěy) ,
(cwo) , ,
조ᇰ (cwong) 𩼕,
조〮 (cwó) ,
조〯 (cwǒ) 𫊫, , , ,
족〮 (cwók) 𫞀
졸〮 (cwól)
좌ᇰ (cwang) 𪅖
(cywo)
죠ᇰ (cywong) ,
죠ᇰ〯 (cywǒng)
죠〯 (cywǒ) 𨹸
죡〮 (cywók)
주〮 (cwú)
주〯 (cwǔ) , ,
(cywu) ,
쥬〮 (cywú) 𡲰, ,
(cywun)
쥰〮 (cywún)
쥰〯 (cywǔn)
(cuk)
즙〮 (cúp)
(ci) , , , ,
지〮 () , , ,
직〮 (cík)
(cin) , , ,
질〮 (cíl)
집〮 (cíp)
(cha) , ,
차ᇰ (chang) , ,
찰〮 (chál)
(cham)
채〮 (cháy)
챠ᇰ (chyang) ,
챠ᇰ〯 (chyǎng)
(chye)
쳐ᇰ (chyeng) , , ,
(chyek)
쳑〮 (chyék) ,
(chyen) ,
쳔〯 (chyěn) , ,
(chyem)
쳡〮 (chyép) ,
(chwo)
초〮 (chwó)
(chwon)
(chwong) ,
촤〮 (chwá)
(chwoy)
(chywo) , , , , ,
(chywu) , , , , , , ,
츄ᇰ (chywung)
츄〮 (chywú)
츄〯 (chywǔ)
츅〮 (chywúk)
(chywun) , 椿
(chuy)
(chi) ,
치〯 (chǐ)
(chin)
친〯 (chǐn)
칠〮 (chíl)
침〯 (chǐm)
(tha) 𦖋,
타ᇰ (thang)
타ᇰ〯 (thǎng)
타〯 (thǎ)
(thak) 𩧐
탁〮 (thák)
(than)
태〯 (thǎy)
탸ᇰ〯 (thyǎng)
텁〮 (thép)
텨ᇰ (thyeng)
(thyek)
텩〮 (thyék) 𧃐
(thyen)
텹〮 (thyép)
(thyey) , ,
톄〮 (thyéy) , ,
톄〯 (thyěy)
토〮 (thwó) , ,
(thwoy)
퇴〯 (thwǒy)
(thywo) ,
툑〮 (thywók)
(thwu)
튜ᇰ (thywung)
튤〮 (thywúl) 𦬸,
티〮 (thí)
티〯 (thǐ)
틱〮 (thík) 𪅙,
(pha) 𪳪, , , , , , ,
파ᇰ〮 (pháng)
파〯 (phǎ) 𧵅,
(phan)
판〮 (phán)
(phay) ,
패〯 (phǎy) 𪐄, ,
펴ᇰ (phyeng) ,
(phyen) 便, ,
폐〮 (phyéy)
폐〯 (phyěy) ,
(phwo) , , , , , , , ,
(phywo) ,
표〮 (phywó)
(phwu)
푸ᇰ (phwung) 𩘲, ,
(phi) ,
피〮 (phí)
필〮 (phíl)
(ha) , , , , , ,
하ᇰ (hang) , ,
하ᇰ〯 (hǎng) ,
하〯 () 𦽅,
(hak)
학〮 (hák) ,
(han)
한〮 (hán)
한〯 (hǎn) , ,
할〮 (hál)
(ham)
함〯 (hǎm)
(hap) 鴿
합〮 (háp) ,
햐ᇰ (hyang)
(hen)
헐〮 (hél)
헙〮 (hép)
혀ᇰ (hyeng) , , ,
혀ᇰ〯 (hyěng)
현〯 (hyěn) 𧖙, , ,
혈〮 (hyél)
협〮 (hyép) ,
혜〯 (hyěy)
(hwo) , , , , , , , , ,
호ᇰ (hwong) 𤄏, ,
호〯 (hwǒ) , , ,
(hwon) , ,
혼〯 (hwǒn) , ,
화ᇰ (hwang) , , , , ,
화ᇰ〮 (hwáng)
화〯 (hwǎ) 𦘕, , ,
확〮 (hwák)
(hwan) , , , ,
환〯 (hwǎn) ,
활〮 (hwál)
(hwoy) ,
회〯 (hwǒy) , ,
(hywo) ,
효〯 (hywǒ)
(hwu) , ,
후〯 (hwǔ) (𠋫), ,
(hwen) ,
훼〯 (hwěy) 𠙍,
(hywu)
휴ᇰ (hywung)
휼〮 (hywúl)
흐ᇰ (hung)
(hun)
흠〯 (hǔm)
흡〮 (húp)
(huy)
희〯 (hǔy)
ᄀᆞᆨ (kok)
ᄀᆡ (koy)
ᄀᆡᆨ〮 (kóyk)
ᄃᆡ (toy)
ᄃᆡ〯 (tǒy) ,
ᄅᆡ (loy)
ᄆᆡ (moy) , , , ,
ᄆᆡᆨ〮 (móyk) , ,
ᄆᆡᇰ (moyng) , , ,
ᄆᆡ〮 (móy)
ᄆᆡ〯 (mǒy)
ᄇᆞᆯ (pol) 𩓐,
ᄇᆞᆯ〮 (pól) 𫉖,
ᄇᆡᆨ〮 (póyk) ,
ᄇᆡ〯 (pǒy)
ᄉᆞ (so) 𪆁, , , , , ,
ᄉᆞᆷ (som)
ᄉᆞ〮 () ,
ᄉᆞ〯 () , ,
ᄉᆡᆨ〮 (sóyk)
ᄉᆡᇰ (soyng) , ,
ᄋᆡᆨ (oyk) ,
ᄋᆡᆨ〮 (óyk) ,
ᄋᆡᇰ (oyng) , ,
ᄌᆞ (co) 𪇔, , , , ,
ᄌᆞᆷ (com) ,
ᄌᆞ〮 ()
ᄌᆞ〯 ()
ᄌᆡ (coy) 𢋿
ᄌᆡ〯 (cǒy) ,
ᄎᆔ〮 (chywúy)
ᄎᆔ〯 (chywǔy)
ᄎᆞ〮 (chó)
ᄎᆡᆨ〮 (chóyk) ,
ᄐᆡ (thoy) ,
ᄐᆡᆨ〮 (thóyk) ,
ᄐᆡᇰ (thoyng)
ᄒᆞᆨ〮 (hók)
ᄒᆞᇰ (hong)
ᄒᆡ (hoy) , , ,
ᄒᆡᇰ (hoyng)
ᄒᆡᇰ〯 (hǒyng) ,
ᄒᆡ〮 (hóy)
ᄒᆡ〯 (hǒy)
ᄭᅡᇰ (skang)
ᄭᅮᆫ (skwun)
ᄭᅴ〮 (skúy)
ᅀᅣᇰ〯 (zyǎng)
ᅀᅧ (zye)
ᅀᅧᆫ (zyen)
ᅀᅧᆫ〯 (zyěn)
ᅀᅧᆷ (zyem)
ᅀᅧᆷ〯 (zyěm)
ᅀᅲ (zywu)
ᅀᅲ〯 (zywǔ) ,
ᅀᅵ (zi) ,
ᅀᅵᆫ (zin)
ᅀᅵᆯ〮 (zíl)
ᅀᅵᆷ〯 (zǐm) ,
ᅀᅵ〯 () , ,
ᅀᆞ (zo)
ᅌᅩᆨ〮 (ngwók)
ᅌᅩᇰ (ngwong)
ᅌᅲᆨ (ngywuk)
ᅌᅲᆨ〮 (ngywúk)
ᅌᅵᆫ (ngin)